Chapter 8

6 steps of developing s diverse organization

1. develop a written commitment to diversity 2. have the full support of top executives 3. review evidence of diversity in the company 4. update policies and procedures 5. provide continuing diversity education 6. recognize and celebrate diversity

individual benefits of s diverse workforce

1. each employee will have the opportunity to develop to their full ability 2. individuals will feel they are respected and supported despite their differences

human resources goals

1. identify the personnel needs of the company 2. maintain an adequate supply of people to fill those needs 3. match abilities and interests with specific jobs 4. provide training and development to prepare people for their jobs and to improve their capabilities as job requirements change 5. develop plans to compensate personnel for their work 6. protect the health and well-being of employees 7. maintain a satisfying work environment

societal benefits of a diverse workforce

1. prejudice and discrimination will be reduced as a societal problem 2. the country has a more talented, experienced, economically successful workforce

5 organizational benefits of a diverse workforce

1. prospective employees and managers are drawn from the broadest possible employment pool 2. the company will have a broader base of knowledge and understanding when making decisions 3. prospective customers will have a more positive image of the company 4. the company will be better at serving diverse markets 5. global business strategies will improve

personal time

a few hours each month that can be scheduled for non-job activities (dental appointment, visit a child's school, renew a driver's license, etc.)

downsize

a planned reduction in the number of employees needed in a firm in order to reduce costs and make the business more efficient

the evaluation conference

after the evaluation form is completed, the manager will schedule a meeting with the employee to discuss the evaluation (identify the employee's strengths, identify the areas that need improvement, discuss how the manager and the company can support the employee in order to improve performance)

the US workforce

all people 16 years and older who are employed or are looking for a job

flextime

allows employees some choice in how their work days and work hours are arranged --> some employees may start and end their work day earlier or later than normal, may be able to work a longer day and thereby work fewer days each week

family leave

allows employees to take a leave of absence for the birth or adoption of a child, to take care of a such family member, or for other personal emergencies

glass ceiling

an artificial limit placed on minority groups moving into positions and decision-making

commission

an employee is paid a percentage of sales for which he or she is responsible

piece rate

an employee receives a specific amount for each unit of work produced (often used in factories, data processing jobs, and telephone call centers)

labor union

an organized group of people who negotiate with employers about issues, such as wages and working conditions --> can be effective because they represent large numbers of employees

service-producing industries

businesses that perform services that satisfy the needs of other businesses and consumers (information, finance activities, professional and business services, education and heath services, leisure and hospitality, government)

goods-producing industries

businesses that produce or manufacture products products used by other businesses or purchased by final consumers (agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing, trade, transportation and utilities)

business competition

companies must be competitive to stay in business costs and prices are a major part of staying competitive increasing costs may force businesses to downsize/outsource

new employee orientation

complete paperwork needed to receive pay and benefits, get to know the company, and review the company handbook and policies

incentive compensation systems

connect the amount of compensation to the quality or quantity of an employee's performance

base plus incentive

employee receives a wage or salary with an additional amount based on the employee's performance

employee's goal

employees are most concerned about pay, working conditions, and job security

discharge

employment ends due to ?

termination

ends the employment relationship between a company and an employee

the evaluation process

focus on specific duties of the job and also review the important work qualities expected of all employees (communication, interpersonal relationships, quality and quantity of work, and ethical behavior)

unprofitable businesses

forced to reduce the number of employees they hire; limit salary and benefit increases

collective bargaining

formal negotiation between unions and management to resolve issues (when an agreement is reached, both groups sign a written labor contract)

employee relations

health and safety planning, labor relations, employment law and policy enforcement, and organizational development

jobs are affected by consumer demand

high demand for a new product = more jobs little to no demand for an old product = jobs will be eliminated

bad economy

high prices = consumers decrease buying low demand = surplus, high prices

temporary employee

hired for a specific amount of time or to complete a specific assignment

150 million people

how many people have jobs in the US?

types of employee benefits

insurance plans (health, life, dental, and disability), time off for vacation (can be paid or unpaid), retirement plans/programs, employee savings plans, personal and/or sick days

planning and staffing

job analysis, recruitment and selection, and job placement

job sharing

job sharing offers one job to two people --> each person works a part-time schedule (they share the work space and duties of the job)

permanent employee

long-term commitment

positive organizational culture

makes employees enjoy their work (have positive working relations with coworkers and managers, believe the company values them and their work; they are motivated to do a good job for the company)

manager's goal

managers must make sure that a company makes a profit

flexplace

means that some employees can complete parts or all of their work away from the business site (telecommuting) employees who primarily use personal computers and other technology can work from home --> they communicate with managers, coworkers, and customers using the internet, telephone, and fax machine

the interview

meet the applicant face-to-face, ask questions about the application and/or resume, possibly take tests related to the needed job requirements

workforce today

more diverse, with growth among both younger and older workers

the application process

most companies ask prospective applicants to fill out an application including personal information, information on education, work experience history, and references **used to remove people who are clearly not qualified for the job

effective sources for locating prospective employees

newspaper ads, public and private employment agencies, high school and college placement offices, job and career fairs, referrals by employees, internet career services, radio and TV ads, industry publications, company web sites, company employment office

recruiting and hiring

once the job analysis is complete, prospective employees meeting the requirements must be located

blue-collar worker

one whose job involves a great deal of manual work, including the operation pf machinery and equipment or other production activities (employes in factories, construction sites, on farms, and int he delivery of many basic services)

white-collar worker

one whose work is more mental than physical and involves the handling and processing of information (employed in offices, stores, and professional service businesses)

straight salary

pays a specific amount of money each week or month worked

time wage

pays the employee a specific amount of money for each hour worked

performance management

performance assessment, performance improvement, and managing promotions, transfers, and terminations

human resources activities

planning and staffing, performance management, compensation and benefits, employee relations

new technologies

pro - improves efficiency so the businesses may stay competitive international markets (greatly reduced the need for production workers) con - greatly reduced the need for production workers and office employees (typists, bookkeepers, and clerks)

Civil Rights Act of 1964

prohibits job discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, and national origin

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

protects individuals who are 40 years of age or older

Bureau of Labor Statistics

publishes many useful materials about the workforce (Occupational Outlook Handbook)

outsource

removes work from one company and sends it to another company that can complete it at a lower cost (move to other countries)

Family and Medical Leave Act

requires companies employing 50 or more people to provide up to 12 week of unpaid leave for employees who face specific family or personal circumstances

work atmosphere of mistrust or fear

results in low morale and poor performance among employees

employee benefits

state and federal laws require businesses to pay the costs of certain required benefits (compensation for overtime hours, social security, medicare, contributions to funds for injured employees and for unemployed workers)

job analysis

study of a job to identify in detail the job duties and skill requirements (review the current job in detail, identify all important duties to be performed on the job, identify the knowledge, skills, and experience required to perform the job well, and identify any new activities planned for the job)

how businesses today differ than those of the past century

technology has reduced the need for low-skilled employees and demanded that current workers have much greater skills, internet has changed the way you communicate, share information, and shop, and globalization of business has resulted in greater competition and resulted in more opportunities for every business to reach many new customers

promotion

the advancement of an employee to a position with greater responsibility

transfer

the assignment of an employee to another job in the company with a similar level of responsibility

diversity

the comprehensive inclusion of people with differences in personal characteristics and attributes

organizational culture

the environment on which people work, made up of the atmosphere, behaviors, beliefs, and relationships (shows people how they will be treated and how they are expected to treat others; identifies what is acceptable behavior and what is not)

human resources

the people who work for a business (management and employees, full-time workers, and part-time workers)

work environment

the physical conditions and the psychological atmosphere in which employees work (work area, offices, break rooms, storage areas, and all other spaces where employees spend time while at work) --> physical conditions must be safe and healthy

compensation methods

time wage and straight salary (based on the amount of time spent on the job)

compensation and benefits

wage and salary planning, benefits planning, and payroll, benefits, and personal records management

full-time employee

works 30 or more hours a week