Chapter 8 Axial/Appendicular QS Anatomy

How many facial bones contribute to the skull?

14

Match the following named structures in the femur with other structures with which they articulate.

Acetabulum of os coxae=Head of femur Patella=Patellar intercondylar surface of femur Tibia and fibula=Lateral epicondyle Tibia=Medial epicondyle

Label the structures of the axis.

Body, Transverse foramen, superior articular facet, spinous process, dens

Match the bones of the wrist and hand with their description.

Carpals=bones of the wrist Metacarpals=bones of the palm of the hand Phalanges=bones of the digits

Label the components of the vertebral column and the features of the vertebra where indicated.

Cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, large anterior portion of a vertebra, lumbar curvature, sacral curvature, sacrum, coccyx

Match the description of the vertebrae with their associated region.

Cervical vertebrae=contain transverse foramina Thoracic vertebrae=costal facets articulate with ribs Lumbar vertebrae=largest vertebrae

Correctly label the following anatomical parts of the mandible.

Coronoid Process, Mandibular notch, Condylar process, ramus, mendibular foramen, mental foramen

Match the following anatomical parts of the humerus, radius and ulna with their appropriate articulations with each other.

Coronoid fossa of ulna=Coronoid fossa of humerus Head of radius=Capitulum of humerus Trochlear notch of ulna=Trochlea of humerus Olecranon of ulna=Olecranon fossa of humerus

Match the rib feature with its description.

Costal groove=Marks the path of nerves and vessels Head=Articulates with vertebral bodies Tubercle=Articulates with transverse costal facet Angle=Where the shaft begins curving toward the sternum

Match the following landmarks and features of the femur with their definitions.

Epicondyle=Bump on condyle of femur Linea aspera=Elevated midline ridge on shaft Greater trochanter=Projects laterally at junction of neck/shaft Fovea capitis=Depression in head of femur

Because the scapula is directly connected to the axial skeleton, it cannot move freely across the thorax.

False

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

False

The auricular surface of the ilium has become one of the most reliable indicators for estimating age at death.

False

The lateral longitudinal arch of the foot is the highest arch, giving our foot its characteristic shape.

False

The ossicles serve as attachment sites of several muscles that control the mandible, tongue, and larynx.

False

The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture.

False

The pelvic inlet is covered with muscles and skin, forming the body region called the perineum.

False

When the bones of the forearm are supinated (palm of the hand faces anteriorly), the radius is crossing over the ulna.

False

The "soft spots" on an infant's head are caused by which of the following?

Fontanelles

Label the features of the hyoid bone.

Greater cornu, Lesser Cornu, Body

Which statement is false regarding the general features of the vertebral column.

It consists of a chain of 30 vertebrae with intervertebral discs of fibrocartilage between most of them.

Correctly label the following bones and anatomical features of the lateral view of the skull.

Lacrimal bone, nasal bone, temporal bone, occipital bone, parietal bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, frontal bone

Which suture articulates with the most bones?

Lambdoid suture

Match the following arches of the foot with their descriptions.

Lateral longitudinal arch=between little toe and heel Medial longitudinal arch=highest arch; gives foot its shape Transverse arch=smallest arch

Match the following features of the tibia and fibula with their definitions.

Lateral malleolus=Distal end of fibula at ankle Medial malleolus=Distal process of tibia at ankle Tibial tuberosity=Patellar ligament attachment site Condyle=Tibial surface articulating with femur

Identify the facial bones in the figure. Not all labels will be used.

Mandible, lacrimal bone, nasal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla

Label the structures in the figure. Not all labels will be used. (Tibia)

Medial condyle, lateral condyle, Inferior articular surface, Medial malleolus, Shaft of tibia, Tibial tuberosity, Intercondylar eminence

Which of the following features is the most proximal feature of the ulna?

Olecranon

Correctly label the following bones and anatomical features of the inferior view of the skull.

Palatine process of maxilla, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, occipital condyle, zygomatic bone, vomer, mandibular fossa, styloid process

Identify the cranial bones in the figure. Not every answer will be used.

Parietal bone, sutural bone, occipital bone, temporal bone, frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

Correctly label the inlet and outlet of the pelvic girdle.

Pelvic Inlet, Pelvic Outlet

Match the following phalanges terms with their appropriate definitions.

Pollex=Two phalanges comprising the thumb Phalanges=Fourteen bones present in the digits Proximal Phalanx=Articulates with metacarpals Distal Phalanx=Bones in the tip of the fingers

Which of the following is not a function of the vertebral column?

Provide support for the muscles of the arm

Which fossa on the humerus articulates with the head of the radius?

Radial fossa

The contoured floor of the cranial cavity exhibits curved depressions called the cranial fossae. Match the named fossae with the appropriate description.

Shallowest of the cranial fossae=anterior cranial fossa Houses brain temporal lobes and pituitary=middle cranial fossa Most inferior cranial fossa=posterior cranial fossa

Correctly label the anatomical features of the ethmoid bone.

Superior nasal concha, crista galli, middle nasal concha, perpendicular plate, orbital plate

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

The hyoid bone is shaped like the letter "U" and is unpaired= true The hyoid bone is considered to be a facial bone because of its inferior attachment to the mandible= false The hyoid bone provides an attachment point for some tongue muscles and for important neck muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing=true

Indicate whether each statement is true or false.

The thoracic cage consists of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum=True The superior seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they directly attach to the sternum through their costal cartilages=True Two of the false ribs, the eleventh and twelfth ribs, are called floating ribs because they do not have a posterior attachment to the spine=False Most ribs have two articulations with the vertebrae, the head articulates with the body and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process=True

Match the division of the vertebral column with its description.

Thoracic vertebrae=Twelve vertebrae that articulate with ribs Cervical vertebrae=Seven vertebrae in the neck Lumbar vertebrae=Five vertebrae in the low back Sacrum=Five fused vertebrae Coccyx=Four vertebrae comprising the "tailbone"

A middle phalanx is not present in the thumb.

True

Brain and cranial bone growth are about 90%-95% complete by age 5.

True

Fontanelles in the infant's skull permit some bone movement, enabling the infant to pass more easily through the birth canal.

True

Primary ossification centers begin to form in limb bones during week 8 of development.

True

The deltoid tuberosity is part of the humerus.

True

The fibula does not bear any weight during walking or standing.

True

The patella is a sesamoid bone housed within the quadriceps femoris muscle tendon.

True

The pectoral girdle consists of two scapulae and two clavicles.

True

The upper limbs are more mobile but less stable as compared to the lower limbs.

True

Match the part of the sternum with its description.

Xiphoid process=inferior tip Clavicular notches=articulate with the clavicles Body=longest part of the sternum Manubrium=most superior part

The acetabulum is

a depression in the hip bone that receives the head of the femur.

The head of the femur articulates with the

acetabulum

The femur

all of these

The red line in the figure is pointing to the

atlas

Upper limb development begins 2 to 4 days _____ lower limb development.

before

Which of the following structures is a part of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius?

capitulum

A large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure is called what?

condyle

What suture is the articulation between the frontal and parietal bones?

coronal

The prominence on the inferior side of the sternal end of the clavicle is called the

costal tuberosity.

The talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, lateral, intermediate, and cuneiform bones are all part of the

foot

Which of the following is not part of the ethmoid bone?

greater wing

The hip bones include the

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

The true pelvis is ____ to the false pelvis.

inferior

Label the bones of the nasal complex.

lacrimal bone, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, cribiform plate, perpendicular plate of palatine bone, horizontal plate of palatine bone

During development, the limb bones are formed from

lateral plate mesoderm.

Which is a secondary curvature of the vertebral column that develops as a child begins to stand and walk?

lumbar

Which of the following is not a cranial bone?

mandible

The hard palate is composed of the

maxillary and palatine bones

If you palpate the medial side of your ankle, what prominent process of the tibia are you feeling?

medial malleolus

The __________cranial fossa ranges from the posterior edge of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone (anteriorly) to the anterior region of the petrous part of the temporal bone (posteriorly). It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland.

middle

The ____ is the border between the true and false pelvis.

pelvic inlet

The ____ part of each limb forms first.

proximal

In the appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle is made up of the __________ and the __________.

scapula; clavicle

The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as

short bones

The axial skeleton includes the

skull, hyoid bone, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.

The sella turcica is part of which bone?

sphenoid bone

Label the structures of the atlas.

superior articular facet, transverse process, transverse foramen, anterior foramen

The three borders of the scapula are called the

superior, medial, and lateral borders

In the anatomical position, the radius and ulna are parallel to one another. Therefore, the forearm is in the ______ position.

supinated

The joints between cranial bones of the skull are called

sutures

The primary curves of the vertebral column are the

thoracic and sacral curvatures

The pelvic organs are enclosed within the

true pelvis

Ribs that join the sternum directly by costal cartilages are called

true ribs

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of the

zygomatic and temporal bones