Chapter 8: GEOGRAPHY

Consequent boundaries and superimposed boundaries are two different types of subsequent boundaries. What is the difference between a consequent boundary and a superimposed boundary?

- Consequent Boundaries accommodate existing cultural differences - Superimposed boundaries are imposed by an outside force and may ignore cultural patterns.

Why (in general) has this region been embroiled in civil war in recent years?

- Drought, desertification, and Overpopulation - Many killed and displaced

How many independent states emerged after the breakup of the USSR?

15

Approximately how many states are there in the world today?

196 Independent States

According to the text, what organizational advantages does a compact state possess?

All places can be reached because it's circular with the shortest possible border to defend

The 49th parallel between the U.S. and Canada

Antecedent Boundary

How are Sudan and South Sudan different with regard to predominant ethnicities and religions?

Arab Muslims are in Sudan and Non-Arab Christians and Animists are in South Sudan.

What landlocked South American country mentioned in class lost its coastal territory to Chile in a 19th century war?

Bolivia

Multi-National State Examples

Bosnia and Herzegovina, The United States, The United Kingdom.

What country was given mandate over this territory and established the boundaries of Iraq?

British

Nation

Community of people unified by a common culture and a particular territory.

Uruguay

Compact

Zimbabwe

Compact

The boundary between Ireland & Northern Ireland

Consequent Boundary

Multi-National State

Consist of more than one nation of significant size

What environmental and demographic factors have contributed to conflicts in Darfur?

Disputes between pastoralists and sedentary farmers

Chile

Elongated

Norway

Elongated

Subsequent boundary

Established after the area is well-settled

Antecedent boundary

Established before the area is well-settled

Indonesia

Fragmented

What are some disadvantages of elongated states and fragmented states?

Greater diversity and isolation. No centralized control.

Why do states promote nationalism?

Helps to integrate different culture groups. Stabilizes and strengthens state.

State

Independent political unit with sovereign control over internal and foreign affairs.

List a few examples of current/recent independence movements related to sub-nationalism and regionalism.

Iraq, Sudan.

List three states mentioned in class that are not universally recognized.

Israel, Kosovo, Taiwan.

What are two examples of stateless nations discussed in class?

Kurds, Basques.

Where are the ethnic homelands of these nations located?

Kurds: Northern Iraq, and Eastern Turkey Basques: Boundary of Spain and France

Have these two regions maintained peaceful relations in modern times?

No

Core Area

Nucleus of a state Most Developed area, densest population, greatest wealth.

What empire was the territory that is now Iraq a part of prior to WWI?

Ottoman Empire

Irredentism

People of one state claim and seek to acquire territory who's population is ethinically or historically related

Sub-Nationalism

Primary Allegiance is to a nation or tribe within the state.

Where is Darfur?

Region in western (North) Sudan

What landmark event took place in Sudan in July of 2011?

Republic of South Sudan was established

The "Transylvania problem," which is related to the concept of irredentism, involves what two European countries?

Romania and Hungry

What are the world's five largest countries in terms of land area (in order of size from #1 to #5)?

Russia Canada China USA Brazil

Nationalism

Sense of unity binding people of a state together.

How are these ethnic/religious groups distributed geographically within Iraq?

Shia - Southeast Sunni - West Kurds - North

What are the three primary ethnic/religious groups in Iraq?

Shia Arabs, Sunni Arabs, Kurds.

What is the state religion of Iran?

Shia Islam

Nation-State Examples

Slovenia, Albania, Poland, Iceland.

Nation-State

State territory coincide with that occupied by a particular nation; few members of ethnic minorities.

The boundaries of Iraq

Superimposed Boundary

The boundaries of most African countries

Superimposed Boundary

How do states promote nationalism? Provide some specific examples.

Symbols: Patriotic songs, flags, national sports teams, holidays.

The Chamizal dispute between the U.S. and Mexico was related to the shifting course of what river?

The Rio Grande

List four planned capital cities discussed in class/the text

Washington, D.C.; Brasilia, Brazil; Canberra, Australia; Abuja, Nigeria.