Chapter 8: GEOGRAPHY
Consequent boundaries and superimposed boundaries are two different types of subsequent boundaries. What is the difference between a consequent boundary and a superimposed boundary?
- Consequent Boundaries accommodate existing cultural differences - Superimposed boundaries are imposed by an outside force and may ignore cultural patterns.
Why (in general) has this region been embroiled in civil war in recent years?
- Drought, desertification, and Overpopulation - Many killed and displaced
How many independent states emerged after the breakup of the USSR?
15
Approximately how many states are there in the world today?
196 Independent States
According to the text, what organizational advantages does a compact state possess?
All places can be reached because it's circular with the shortest possible border to defend
The 49th parallel between the U.S. and Canada
Antecedent Boundary
How are Sudan and South Sudan different with regard to predominant ethnicities and religions?
Arab Muslims are in Sudan and Non-Arab Christians and Animists are in South Sudan.
What landlocked South American country mentioned in class lost its coastal territory to Chile in a 19th century war?
Bolivia
Multi-National State Examples
Bosnia and Herzegovina, The United States, The United Kingdom.
What country was given mandate over this territory and established the boundaries of Iraq?
British
Nation
Community of people unified by a common culture and a particular territory.
Uruguay
Compact
Zimbabwe
Compact
The boundary between Ireland & Northern Ireland
Consequent Boundary
Multi-National State
Consist of more than one nation of significant size
What environmental and demographic factors have contributed to conflicts in Darfur?
Disputes between pastoralists and sedentary farmers
Chile
Elongated
Norway
Elongated
Subsequent boundary
Established after the area is well-settled
Antecedent boundary
Established before the area is well-settled
Indonesia
Fragmented
What are some disadvantages of elongated states and fragmented states?
Greater diversity and isolation. No centralized control.
Why do states promote nationalism?
Helps to integrate different culture groups. Stabilizes and strengthens state.
State
Independent political unit with sovereign control over internal and foreign affairs.
List a few examples of current/recent independence movements related to sub-nationalism and regionalism.
Iraq, Sudan.
List three states mentioned in class that are not universally recognized.
Israel, Kosovo, Taiwan.
What are two examples of stateless nations discussed in class?
Kurds, Basques.
Where are the ethnic homelands of these nations located?
Kurds: Northern Iraq, and Eastern Turkey Basques: Boundary of Spain and France
Have these two regions maintained peaceful relations in modern times?
No
Core Area
Nucleus of a state Most Developed area, densest population, greatest wealth.
What empire was the territory that is now Iraq a part of prior to WWI?
Ottoman Empire
Irredentism
People of one state claim and seek to acquire territory who's population is ethinically or historically related
Sub-Nationalism
Primary Allegiance is to a nation or tribe within the state.
Where is Darfur?
Region in western (North) Sudan
What landmark event took place in Sudan in July of 2011?
Republic of South Sudan was established
The "Transylvania problem," which is related to the concept of irredentism, involves what two European countries?
Romania and Hungry
What are the world's five largest countries in terms of land area (in order of size from #1 to #5)?
Russia Canada China USA Brazil
Nationalism
Sense of unity binding people of a state together.
How are these ethnic/religious groups distributed geographically within Iraq?
Shia - Southeast Sunni - West Kurds - North
What are the three primary ethnic/religious groups in Iraq?
Shia Arabs, Sunni Arabs, Kurds.
What is the state religion of Iran?
Shia Islam
Nation-State Examples
Slovenia, Albania, Poland, Iceland.
Nation-State
State territory coincide with that occupied by a particular nation; few members of ethnic minorities.
The boundaries of Iraq
Superimposed Boundary
The boundaries of most African countries
Superimposed Boundary
How do states promote nationalism? Provide some specific examples.
Symbols: Patriotic songs, flags, national sports teams, holidays.
The Chamizal dispute between the U.S. and Mexico was related to the shifting course of what river?
The Rio Grande
List four planned capital cities discussed in class/the text
Washington, D.C.; Brasilia, Brazil; Canberra, Australia; Abuja, Nigeria.