psychology midterm
What is an advantage of conducting psychological research in a laboratory?
A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the complex factors of the real world removed.
The ________ has developed ethics guidelines for its members, and the ________ evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their colleges and universities.
American Psychological Association (APA); Institutional Review Board (IRB)
behavioral approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.
brain stem
Connects the brain and spinal cord
True or False: There is only one memory storage
False
positive reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
What is the first step in the scientific method
Observing some phenomenon in the world
Axon
The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body and towards other cells
classical conditioning
a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
short-term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten
Marshall's cerebellum was damaged in a car accident. Marshall is likely to have problems with
balance and muscle coordination.
Neuroscience studies are based on the _____ approaches to psychology.
biological
Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable?
college grades
divided attention
concentrating on more than one activity at the same time
The ________ is the large bundle of axons that connects the brain's two hemispheres and is responsible for relaying information between the two sides.
corpus callosum
Aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer every day. He is not keen to establish causation, but would like to determine whether and how the increase or decrease in one variable is related to the increase or decrease in the other variable. Which of the following research methods is likely to be most effective for Aaron's study?
correlation research
William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts. His view is known as
functionalism
humanistic psychology
historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth
In an experiment, the ________ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the ________ is conceptualized as the "resulting effect."
independent variable ; dependent variable
According to the principle of ________, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop.
informed consent
Which approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought?
psycho-dynamic approach
Professor Stenson is examining the effects of color on patients' anxiety levels. She randomly assigns patients to either a room painted white or a room painted black, and then she records their blood pressure. In this case, the independent variable is the
room color
Dr. Badal, a psychologist, is studying achievement motivation among groups of African American, Latino, and Asian American people. In this scenario, Dr. Badal is most likely practicing the ________ approach to psychology.
sociocultural
memory
the ability to store and retrieve information over time
nervous system
the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
amnesia
the loss of memory
Which of the following situations occurs when participants' expectations, rather than the experimental treatment, produce an experimental outcome?
the placebo effect
Encoding
the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning.
long-term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
negative punishment
the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring
