Chapter 8: Joints

29) The elbow joint is an example of a ________ joint. A) saddle B) planeC) condylar D) hinge E) pivot

D) hinge

44) Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upwardC) extreme backward bending of the head D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

D) moving the hand toward the shoulder

34) The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints. A) saddle B) condylar C) hingeD) plane E) ball-and-socket

D) plane

10) Joints are classified by the A) range of motion. B) structure.C) type of movement.D) amount of cartilage present. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

16) Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage? A) There is no perichondrium. B) The matrix contains more water than other cartilages. C) Surfaces are normally slick and smooth.D) It is composed of hyaline cartilage. E) It increases friction during movement.

E) It increases friction during movement.

26) ________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces. A) Cruciate ligaments B) Synovia C) BursaeD) Capsular ligaments E) Menisci

E) Menisci

66) Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion? A) coracohumeral B) coraco-acromial C) coracoclavicular D) glenohumeral E) acromioclavicular

E) acromioclavicular

68) Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? A) iliofemoral ligament B) pubofemoral ligament C) ischiofemoral ligament D) ligamentum teres E) anterior cruciate ligament

E) anterior cruciate ligament

88) Arthritis always involves damage to A) synovial membranes. B) diarthroses. C) menisci.D) bursae. E) articular cartilage.

E) articular cartilage.

93) Which type of synovial joint permits the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.3C) A) pivot B) condylar C) saddle D) plane E) ball-and-socket

E) ball-and-socket

69) Which of the following ligaments assists in stabilizing the shoulder joint? A) coraco-acromial B) subscapularisC) coracoclavicularD) All of the answers are correct. E) both coraco-acromial and coracoclavicular

E) both coraco-acromial and coracoclavicular

49) The two little girls who hold and move the rope in jump-rope are performing what action? A) dorsiflexion B) extensionC) rotationD) plantar flexion E) circumduction

E) circumduction

33) The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint. A) saddle B) immovable C) hingeD) plane E) condylar

E) condylar

46) Lifting a stone with the tip of the foot is A) circumduction. B) eversion.C) inversion.D) plantar flexion. E) dorsiflexion.

E) dorsiflexion.

63) Which of the following is not a joint of the appendicular skeleton? A) atlanto-occipital B) talocruralC) kneeD) humero-ulnar E) acromioclavicular

A) atlanto-occipital

28) Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called A) bursae. B) fat pads. C) articular cartilages. D) menisci. E) scapulae.

A) bursae.

23) Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrocartilage?A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

D) 4

107) Which structures provide most of the stability for the shoulder joint? (Module 8.9A) A) deltoid bursa, biceps brachii muscle, and associated tendons and ligaments B) acetabular labrum, transverse acetabular ligament, and the ligamentum teres C) subdeltoid bursa, articular capsule, and the glenoid articular cartilage D) medial and lateral menisci, acromioclavicular joint, and associated tendons and ligaments E) glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, and associated tendons and ligaments

E) glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, and associated tendons and ligaments

38) Which of the following is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? A) elbow B) knee C) ankle D) wrist E) hip

E) hip

14) Functionally, the public symphysis is classified as a(n) ________ articulation. A) synarthrotic B) amphiarthrotic C) diarthrotic

B) amphiarthrotic

102) Which division of the skeleton has the greater range of motion? (Module 8.6B) A) axial B) appendicular

B) appendicular

108) At what site are the iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and ischiofemoral ligament located? (Module 8.9B) A) at the elbow joint B) at the hip joint C) at the knee jointD) at the shoulder joint E) at the intervertebral joints

B) at the hip joint

20) Identify the structure at label 1. A) meniscus B) bursaC) articular cartilage D) synovial membrane E) joint cavity

B) bursa

3) A freely movable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis.C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis.

B) diarthrosis.

61) The movement of a body part upward is called A) eversion. B) elevation. C) depression. D) inversion. E) retraction.

B) elevation.

27) Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint. A) menisci B) fat pads C) patellar ligaments D) capsular ligaments E) tendons

B) fat pads

72) The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous A) ligamentum flavum. B) glenoid labrum. C) nucleus pulposus. D) ligamentum teres. E) coracoid proces

B) glenoid labrum.

11) The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a A) suture. B) gomphosis.C) synchondrosis. D) synostosis. E) None of the answers is correct.

B) gomphosis.

39) A joint that permits only flexion and extension is a ________ joint. A) saddle B) hinge C) pivot D) plane E) ball-and-socket

B) hinge

15) Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? A) shock absorption B) increasing osmotic pressure within joint C) lubricationD) providing nutrients E) protecting articular cartilages

B) increasing osmotic pressure within joint

58) The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called A) inversion. B) medial (internal) rotation. C) lateral (external) rotation. D) eversion. E) protraction.

B) medial (internal) rotation.

51) To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called A) rotation. B) opposition.C) circumduction. D) eversion. E) retraction.

B) opposition.

31) Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones? A) saddle B) planeC) hingeD) ball-and-socket E) pivot

B) plane

92) Identify the types of synovial joints. (Module 8.3B)A) finger, elbow, knee, saddle and ball-and-socket joint B) plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joint C) dovetail, finger, tongue-in-grove, and extension jointD) bridle, stifle, girdle, and pivot joint E) pivot, hinge, finger, saddle, stifle, and extension joint

B) plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, and ball-and-socket joint

47) Which foot movement enables a ballerina to stand on her toes? A) dorsiflexion B) plantar flexion C) inversionD) rotation E) eversion

B) plantar flexion

32) The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint. A) hip B) shoulder C) elbow D) knee E) wrist

B) shoulder

18) The surface of articular cartilage is A) slick. B) flat.C) smooth. D) rough. E) both slick and smooth.

E) both slick and smooth.

6) Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n) A) amphiarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) synostosis.D) synchondrosis. E) gomphosis.

E) gomphosis.

42) An extension past the anatomical position is known as A) double jointed. B) extension. C) flexion. D) rotation. E) hyperextension.

E) hyperextension.

22) Identify the structure labeled 5. A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) joint capsuleD) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament

E) intracapsular ligament

52) A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed A) eversion. B) protraction.C) dorsiflexion. D) plantar flexion. E) inversion.

E) inversion.

64) The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints. A) saddle B) pivotC) condylar D) hinge E) plane

E) plane

78) The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments. A) tibial collateral B) anterior cruciate C) posterior cruciate D) patellar E) popliteal

E) popliteal

70) A factor that does not increase the stability of the hip joint include A) strong muscular padding. B) tough capsule.C) almost complete bony socket. D) supporting ligaments. E) shallow socket.

E) shallow socket.

43) Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upwardC) extreme backward bending of the head D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

E) spreading the fingers

9) Which of the following is not one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints? A) suture B) gomphosisC) synchondrosis D) synostosis E) syndesmosis

E) syndesmosis

19) Which of the following is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure? A) fat pads B) menisci C) ligaments D) bursae E) synovial membrane

E) synovial membrane

79) The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament. A) cruciate B) fibular collateral C) patellarD) popliteal E) tibial collateral

E) tibial collateral

110) Which ligament is a severely hyperextended knee more likely to damage: the ACL or the PCL? (Module 8.10C) A) ACL B) PCL

A) ACL

89) Define range of motion (ROM). (Module 8.1A)A) Range of motion is the amount of movement at a joint. B) Range of motion refers to joints that are biaxial and triaxial compared to monoaxial. C) Range of motion is the degree of circumduction in ball and socket joints.D) Range of motion refers to the degree of muscle contraction. E) Range of motion is the extent a muscle can contract without pain.

A) Range of motion is the amount of movement at a joint.

105) Describe the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc. (Module 8.7A) A) The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core and the annulus fibrosus is a tough outer ring of fibrocartilage. B) The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, outer ring and the annulus fibrosus is a tough inner core of fibrocartilage. C) The nucleus pulposus is a tough outer ring of fibrocartilage and the annulus fibrosus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core. D) The nucleus pulposus is a tough inner core of fibrocartilage and the annulus fibrosus is a soft, elastic, outer ring. E) The nucleus pulposus connects the spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae and the annulus fibrosus is the fibrocartilage disc.

A) The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core and the annulus fibrosus is a tough outer ring of fibrocartilage.

36) The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are ________ joints. A) condylar B) saddle C) pivot D) hinge E) ball-and-socket

A) condylar

81) The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments. A) cruciateB) fibular collateral C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibial collateral

A) cruciate

57) Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? A) elevation B) abduction C) flexionD) pronation E) circumduction

A) elevation

12) Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to A) fibrocartilage. B) dense regular connective tissue. C) periodontal ligament.D) rigid cartilaginous bridge. E) completely fused.

A) fibrocartilage.

83) Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in A) flexion of the forearm. B) extension of the forearm. C) abduction of the forearm. D) adduction of the forearm. E) rotation of the shoulder.

A) flexion of the forearm.

80) The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the A) humero-ulnar joint. B) ulnar joint.C) ulnoradial joint. D) radial joint. E) humeroradial joint.

A) humero-ulnar joint.

41) Bending at the neck to look up at the starts would ________ the neck. A) hyperextend B) hyperflex C) flexD) extend E) laterally flex

A) hyperextend

76) Which of the following is improperly matched? A) nursemaids elbow — iliofemoral ligament B) hyperextension of the knee — anterior cruciate ligament C) hyperflexion of the knee — posterior cruciate ligament D) shoulder separation — acromioclavicular ligament E) bulging disc — nucleus pulposus

A) nursemaids elbow — iliofemoral ligament

55) Which of the following movements is a good example of depression? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upwardC) extreme backward bending of the head D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

A) opening the mouth

100) What hand movements occur when a person wriggles into tight-fitting gloves? (Module 8.5C) A) protraction, supination, and pronation B) retraction, pronation, and inversion C) protraction, retraction, and eversion D) depression, protraction, and eversion E) opposition, elevation, and supination

A) protraction, supination, and pronation

30) The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a ________ joint. A) saddle B) plane C) condylar D) hinge E) pivot

A) saddle

94) Name the type of synovial joint for each of the following: shoulder, elbow, ankle, and thumb. (Module 8.3D) A) shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: hinge; ankle: plane; thumb: saddle. B) shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: plane; ankle: condylar; thumb: plane C) shoulder: saddle; elbow: hinge; ankle: pivot; thumb: plane D) shoulder: condylar; elbow: plane; ankle: hinge; thumb; hinge E) shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: hinge; ankle: condylar; thumb: hinge

A) shoulder: ball-and-socket; elbow: hinge; ankle: plane; thumb: saddle.

1) An immovable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis.C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis.

A) synarthrosis.

4) A suture is an example of a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) symphysis. D) diarthrosis. E) amphiarthrosis.

A) synarthrosis.

8) A ligamentous connection such as an interosseous ligament is termed a A) syndesmosis. B) symphysis.C) synchondrosis. D) synostosis. E) gomphosis.

A) syndesmosis.

75) The elbow joint is extremely stable because A) the ulna and humerus interlock. B) the articular capsule is thin.C) the capsule lacks ligaments.D) several muscles support the joint capsule. E) the joint lacks bursae.

A) the ulna and humerus interlock.

101) Describe the relationship between joint strength and mobility. (Module 8.6A) A) A joint that is strong is also very mobile. B) A joint that is strong is not very mobile. C) There is no relationship between joint strength and mobility in healthy individuals. D) In older individuals, joints are not strong but are more mobile, whereas in younger individuals, joints are strong and also mobile. E) In older individuals, joints are strong and also mobile, whereas in younger individuals, joints are not strong but are more mobile.

B) A joint that is strong is not very mobile.

86) ________ is a general term for pain and stiffness that affects the skeletal or muscular system. A) Articulitis B) RheumatismC) OsteoporosisD) Rheumatic fever E) Rheumatitis

B) Rheumatism

40) A movement away from the midline of the body is termed A) inversion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) flexion. E) extension.

B) abduction.

97) When a person does jumping jacks, which limb movements are necessary? (Module 8.4C) A) rotation and circumduction B) adduction and abduction C) pronation and supination D) flexion and extension E) rotation and adduction

B) adduction and abduction

56) Which of the following movements is a good example of supination? A) opening the mouth B) turning the hand palm upwardC) extreme backward bending of the head D) moving the hand toward the shoulder E) spreading the fingers

B) turning the hand palm upward

96) Compare dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. (Module 8.4B) A) Dorsiflexion is movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. Plantar flexion is movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. B) Dorsiflexion is movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. Plantar flexion is movement toward the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. C) Dorsiflexion is upward movement of the foot or toes. Plantar flexion extends the ankle joint and bends the foot or toes down, as in standing on tiptoes. D) Dorsiflexion extends the ankle joint and bends the foot or toes down, as in standing on tiptoes. Plantar flexion is upward movement of the foot or toes. E) Dorsiflexion is moving the digits away from midline. Plantar flexion is moving the digits toward midline.

C) Dorsiflexion is upward movement of the foot or toes. Plantar flexion extends the ankle joint and bends the foot or toes down, as in standing on tiptoes.

85) Which of the following does not occur when the articular cartilage is damaged? A) The matrix begins to break down. B) The exposed surface changes to a rougher feltwork. C) Friction in the joint decreases.D) Increase in pain. E) Normal synovial joint function is compromised.

C) Friction in the joint decreases.

2) A slightly movable joint is a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis.C) amphiarthrosis. D) gomphosis. E) synostosis.

C) amphiarthrosis.

25) Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints? A) freely movable B) reinforced by accessory structures C) covered by a serous membrane D) contain synovial fluid E) covered by a capsule

C) covered by a serous membrane

62) The movement of a body part downward is called A) eversion. B) elevation. C) depression. D) inversion. E) retraction.

C) depression.

7) A synovial joint is an example of a(n) A) synarthrosis. B) amphiarthrosis. C) diarthrosis.D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis.

C) diarthrosis.

54) A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as A) inversion. B) plantar flexion. C) eversion.D) dorsiflexion. E) None of the answers is correct.

C) eversion.

45) Nodding your head yes is an example of A) lateral and medial rotation. B) circumduction.C) flexion and extension.D) pronation and supination. E) protraction and retraction.

C) flexion and extension.

35) The ankle joint is an example of a ________ joint. A) condylar B) saddleC) hingeD) ball-and-socket E) plane

C) hinge

24) What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled 3? A) fibrocartilage B) synovial membrane C) hyaline cartilageD) bone tissue E) dense connective tissue

C) hyaline cartilage

59) The movement of rotating a limb outward is called A) inversion. B) medial (internal) rotation. C) lateral (external) rotation. D) eversion. E) protraction.

C) lateral (external) rotation.

21) Identify the structure labeled 4. A) serous membrane B) synovial membrane C) meniscusD) periosteum E) intracapsular ligament

C) meniscus

82) Muscles that extend the elbow attach to the A) coronoid process. B) radial tuberosity. C) olecranon process. D) medial epicondyle. E) lateral epicondyle.

C) olecranon process.

106) Name the primary vertebral ligaments. (Module 8.7B) A) posterior longitudinal ligament and anterior longitudinal ligament B) infraspinous ligament and supraspinous ligament C) paired ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, and anterior longitudinal ligament D) paired ligamenta flava, anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial cruciate ligament, and lateral cruciate ligament E) infraspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, medial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament, and annular ligament

C) paired ligamenta flava, posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligament, supraspinous ligament, and anterior longitudinal ligament

77) The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament. A) anterior cruciate B) posterior cruciate C) patellarD) popliteal E) tibial collateral

C) patellar

98) What movements are made possible by the rotation of the head of the radius? (Module 8.5A) A) rotation and circumduction B) adduction and abduction C) pronation and supination D) flexion and extension E) rotation and adduction

C) pronation and supination

109) Which ligaments stabilize the medial and lateral surfaces of the elbow joint? (Module 8.10A) A) annular ligament and popliteal ligament B) medial cruciate ligament and lateral cruciate ligament C) radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament D) tibial collateral ligament and fibular collateral ligament E) medial meniscular ligament and lateral meniscular ligament

C) radial collateral ligament and ulnar collateral ligament

37) All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints except A) hinge. B) plane. C) rolling. D) saddle. E) pivot.

C) rolling

103) Which joint attaches the pectoral girdle and upper limb to the axial skeleton? (Module 8.6C) A) sacro-iliac joint B) intervertebral joints C) sternoclavicular joint D) atlanto-occipital joint E) sacrococcygeal joint

C) sternoclavicular joint

5) An epiphyseal line is an example of a A) gomphosis. B) synchondrosis. C) synostosis.D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis.

C) synostosis.

90) Which structural category of joints allows for the greatest range of motion? (Module 8.1B) A) fibrous B) cartilaginous C) synovialD) gomphosis E) suture

C) synovial

87) ________ is also known as degenerative joint disease. A) Atherosclerosis B) Rheumatism C) Osteoporosis D) Osteoarthritis E) Osteopenia

D) Osteoarthritis

99) Snapping your fingers involves what movement of the thumb? (Module 8.5B) A) Snapping involves retraction at the thumb and protraction at the third metacarpophalangeal joint. B) Snapping involves protraction at the thumb and retraction at the third metacarpophalangeal joint. C) Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and extension at the third metacarpophalangeal joint. D) Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and flexion at the third metacarpophalangeal joint. E) Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and inversion at the third metacarpophalangeal joint.

D) Snapping involves opposition at the thumb and flexion at the third metacarpophalangeal joint.

67) Which of the following statements is false? A) Five major ligaments help stabilize the shoulder joint. B) The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint. C) The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint. D) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint. E) The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint.

D) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

74) A rim of fibrocartilage in the joint cavity of the hip is called the A) greater trochanter. B) glenoid labrum. C) nucleus pulposus. D) acetabular labrum. E) ischial tuberosity.

D) acetabular labrum.

17) Bursae can be found in all of the following areas except A) tendons. B) ligaments.C) within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure. D) around blood vessels. E) around many synovial joints.

D) around blood vessels.

13) The location where two bones meet is called a joint, or an A) adduction. B) appendix.C) amphiarthrosis. D) articulation. E) insertion.

D) articulation.

71) Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a shoulder injury? A) tennis players B) basketball players C) runnersD) baseball pitchers E) golfers

D) baseball pitchers

95) Which movements are possible at hinge joints? (Module 8.4A) A) rotation and circumduction B) adduction and abduction C) pronation and supination D) flexion and extension E) rotation and adduction

D) flexion and extension

73) The shoulder joint, or ________ joint, permits the greatest range of motion of any joint. A) acromioclavicular B) sacroiliacC) humero-ulnar D) glenohumeral E) vertebrocostal

D) glenohumeral

91) Describe the types of motion possible at a synovial joint. (Module 8.3A) A) swinging, opening, closing, and spinning B) opening, closing, sliding, and breakingC) spinning, bending, extending, and planarD) gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation E) monoaxial and biaxial

D) gliding, angular, circumduction, and rotation

84) Which of the following does not help stabilize the knee joint? A) anterior cruciate ligament B) medial collateral ligament C) posterior cruciate ligament D) iliofemoral ligament E) popliteal ligament

D) iliofemoral ligament

60) You ________ your jaw when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth. A) invert B) evert C) adduct D) protract E) hyperextend

D) protract

65) A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by A) loss of annulus fibrosis elasticity. B) slippage of the fibrocartilage disc. C) ossification of the vertebral disc.D) protrusion of the nucleus pulposus. E) transformation of fibrocartilage to hyaline cartilage.

D) protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

50) Many gyms feature weightlifting machines called adductor machines that are used to strengthen the thighs. If you were to work out on one of these, what would you be doing? A) twisting both thighs to the left, then to the right B) lifting both thighs upward C) pushing both thighs outward, separating your knees as far as you canD) pulling both thighs inward toward a center point, bringing your knees together E) None of the answers is correct.

D) pulling both thighs inward toward a center point, bringing your knees together

104) Name the joints in which the sacrum participates. (Module 8.6D) A) atlanto-sacral, lumbosacral, and intercoccygeal joints B) sacro-iliac, sternoclavicular, and sternosacral joints C) pubic symphysis and temporomandibular joints D) sacro-iliac, lumbosacral, and sacrococcygeal joints E) sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal joints

D) sacro-iliac, lumbosacral, and sacrococcygeal joints

53) All of the following are associated with the joints of the vertebral column except A) syndesmoses. B) synchondroses. C) synovial.D) saddle joint. E) pivot joint.

D) saddle joint.

48) The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are limited to the A) radiocarpal joint. B) hip joint.C) glenohumeral. D) talocrural. E) sacroliliac.

D) talocrural.