Chapter 8: Metabolsim

Steps of energy production from ATP:

1. Enzyme cleaves bond between last 2 phosphate groups of ATP 2. ATP molecule loses power 3. ATP loses form

Stages of Glucose breakdown:

1. Glycosis 2. 3. Citrus Acid Cycle 4. Electron Transport Chain

When the body has access to oxygen, the pyruvate that is formed from glycolysis is converted to:

acetyl coenzyme A

Energy _______________ involves the chemical pathways that enable the human body to use and obtain energy from macronutrients and alcohol.

metabolsim

Human cells obtain energy by

releasing chemical energy from macronutrients

What another name for the citrus acid cycle?

-Krebs cycle -TCA cycle

The body can utilize _____________ for energy.

-Lipids -Alcohol -Carbohydrates -Protein (NOT vitamins or minerals)

What can be sign of alcohol poisoning?

-comatose -irregular breathing -bluish skin

What would result in an increase in the release of catabolic hormones?

-extreme stress -intense exercise

Cortisol promotes:

-increase protein catabolism -increases the use of amino acids for glyconeogenesis

Alcohol dehydrogenase pathway:

-occurs in the liver -is a catabolic pathway

Legal limit for intoxication in the U.S. is a BAC of ______ %.

0.08

During ___________ metabolism, adequate oxygen is present allowing mitochondria to make lots of ATP.

aerobic

The ____________ is the primary site for metabolizing alcohol that has been absorbed by the digestive tract.

liver

What cells are able to make glucose from lactate?

liver cells

The amount of ATP formed by catabolism of amino acids depends on:

where it entered the catabolic pathway