Chapter 8 Quiz

Your text's discussion of false memories leads to the conclusion that false memories

Arise from the same constructive processes that produce true memories

Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?

Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the "perpetrator" from a lineup

In Lindsay's "misinformation effect" experiment, participants saw a sequence of slides showing a maintenance man stealing money and a computer. This slide presentation included narration by a female speaker who described what was happening in the slides as they were shown. Results showed that the misinformation effect was greatest when presentation of misleading post-event information was

Auditory from a female speaker

According to the ________ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

Constructive

Which of the following has been shown to play a role in the strength of memories that are associated with emotion?

Cortisol

Arkes and Freedman's "baseball game" experiment asked participants to indicate whether the following sentence was present in a passage they had previously read about events in a game: "The batter was safe at first." Their findings showed inaccurate memories involved

Creations from inferences based on baseball knowledge

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding post-event information and the misinformation effect?

Even when participants are told that the post-event information is incorrect, the misinformation effect can still occur

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

Extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, Harry believes that drinking dandelion tea would improve his long-term memory because he saw several news stories and articles about it online. What is Harry experiencing?

Illusory truth effect

The impact of familiarity on the misidentification of innocent bystanders by eyewitnesses is best demonstrated by:

Ross et al.'s (1994) experiment on remembering the robbery of a male or female teacher

In the experiment in which participants sat in an office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" some things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of __________ on memory.

Schemas

The "wedding reception" false memory experiment shows that false memories can be explained as a product of familiarity and

Source misattribution

The experiment for which people are asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered) illustrated the effect of ________ on memory.

Source misattributions

Stanny and Johnson's "weapons focus" experiment, investigating memory for crime scenes, found that

The presence of a weapon hinders memory for other parts of the event

Research on eyewitness testimony reveals that

When viewing a lineup, an eyewitness's confidence in his or her choice of the suspect can be increased by an authority's confirmation of his or her choice, even when the choice was wrong