Chapter 8 Vitamins

_____________ is the choline- containing compound that functions as a neurotransmitter

Acetylcholine

Choline is a precursor for __________, which transfers single-carbon groups in metabolic reactions

Betaine

The protein called avidin in raw egg white binds ____________, a B vitamin, and it inhibits its absorption

Biotin

A severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to Xerophthalmia, which results in

Blindness

A compound that combines with an inactive enzyme to form an active enzyme is called a(n)

Coenzyme

Vitamin C is needed for the production of which protein?

Collagen

________ may develop when Vitamin B-12 cannot be absorbed from the GI tract

Pernicious Anemia

Choline plays a role in synthesis of which of the following componets of the cell membrane

Phosopholipids

Choline is involved in the transport of ___________ through the blod

lipids

Excess calorie intake, eventually leading to ______________, is the main diet-cancer risk factor

obesity

The disease associated with a Vitamin D deficiency that affects older adult is

osteomalacia

Factors that affect the ability of the skin to synthesize Vitamin D includes

Skin Age

The category of vitamins that need to be replaced daily are the ____________ soluble vitamin

water soluble vitamin

The B Vitamins play a role in metabolism by

acting as coenzyme

The amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to the body is called

bioavailability

The coenzyme form of biotin function to add _______________ to compuonds

carbon dioxide

Which of the following are functions of Vitamin C

-Wound healing -Formation of collagen

A deficiency of fat-solubles vitamins may result from

-cystic fibrosis -use of mineral oil as a laxative -use of weight loss medication that interferes with far absorption

____________ is required for formation of the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells

Vitamin B-12

Match each of population with appropriate supplement

-women of childbearing age: Folic Acid -newborn age: Vitamin K -adults with lactose intolerance:Iron -women with heavy menstrual cycle

Vitamin A supports immune function in which of the following ways?

-Promotes the activity of lymphocytes -Promotes a normal growth and development of epithetial tissue

Cells of the digestive system and skin are among the first to be affected by deficiencies of B Vitamins because these cells

-Undergo rapid turnover -Are metabolically active

Compared to refined or process grains, whole grains contain

- More zinc -More magnesium -More fiber

People who abuse alcohol are prone to thiamin deficiency because

-Alcohol decrease absorption of thiamin -Alcoholics tend to have low quality diets -Alcohol increases thiamin excretion in the urine

The ares of the body most affected by deficiencies of B Vitamins include the

-Brain and nervous system -Digestive system

Exposure to _____________ can causes a loss of certain vitamins

-Heat -Oxygen -Light

Choline role in transfer of single carbon groups during metabolic reactions influence risk for

-Nueral tube defect -cardiovascular disease

Foods that are good source of Vitamin E include

-Nuts -Wheat germs -Plant oils

Food sources of choline include:

-Peanut -Milk -Liver

Pair each form of Vitamin K with its source

-Phylloquinone: Green plants -menaquinone: Gut Bacteria -menadione: Synthetic

Place the steps of Vitamin B-12 absorption in the correct order

1. Cleavage food bound of Vitamin B-12 2. Secretion of intrinsic factor by stomach cell 3. Formation of intrinsic factor/B-12 complex 4. Absorption of Vitamin B-12

The adequate intake for pantothenic for acid for adult is ______ mg/day for adult men and women

5

Adult men need ____ miligrams of choline per day

550

____________ likely account for 30%- 40% or more of all cancer

Diet

Water soluble vitamins are not usually stored because they are

Filtered and excreted by the kidney

VItamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it

Is required for formation of myelin

Vitamins isolated from foods are classified as

Natural

_____________ is an early sign of Vitamin A deficiency

Night Blindness

Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of

Thiamin

The B Vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrate and some amino acid is

Thiamin

A ____________ is an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body

Vitamin

_______________ is known as the "anti-infection" vitamin

Vitamin A

The water soluble vitamin include

Vitamin B & C

Exceeding the UL for _____________ increases risk for developing kidney stone

Vitamin C

Rickets is the deficiency disease caused by the lack of vitamin

Vitamin D

Of the fat-soluble vitamins, a deficiency of ___________ is most likely because body store are low

Vitamin K

One function of the urinary system is to remove excess _________ soluble vitamins

Water