Chapter 8 Vitamins
_____________ is the choline- containing compound that functions as a neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Choline is a precursor for __________, which transfers single-carbon groups in metabolic reactions
Betaine
The protein called avidin in raw egg white binds ____________, a B vitamin, and it inhibits its absorption
Biotin
A severe vitamin A deficiency can lead to Xerophthalmia, which results in
Blindness
A compound that combines with an inactive enzyme to form an active enzyme is called a(n)
Coenzyme
Vitamin C is needed for the production of which protein?
Collagen
________ may develop when Vitamin B-12 cannot be absorbed from the GI tract
Pernicious Anemia
Choline plays a role in synthesis of which of the following componets of the cell membrane
Phosopholipids
Choline is involved in the transport of ___________ through the blod
lipids
Excess calorie intake, eventually leading to ______________, is the main diet-cancer risk factor
obesity
The disease associated with a Vitamin D deficiency that affects older adult is
osteomalacia
Factors that affect the ability of the skin to synthesize Vitamin D includes
Skin Age
The category of vitamins that need to be replaced daily are the ____________ soluble vitamin
water soluble vitamin
The B Vitamins play a role in metabolism by
acting as coenzyme
The amount of a nutrient that is absorbed and available to the body is called
bioavailability
The coenzyme form of biotin function to add _______________ to compuonds
carbon dioxide
Which of the following are functions of Vitamin C
-Wound healing -Formation of collagen
A deficiency of fat-solubles vitamins may result from
-cystic fibrosis -use of mineral oil as a laxative -use of weight loss medication that interferes with far absorption
____________ is required for formation of the myelin sheath that insulates nerve cells
Vitamin B-12
Match each of population with appropriate supplement
-women of childbearing age: Folic Acid -newborn age: Vitamin K -adults with lactose intolerance:Iron -women with heavy menstrual cycle
Vitamin A supports immune function in which of the following ways?
-Promotes the activity of lymphocytes -Promotes a normal growth and development of epithetial tissue
Cells of the digestive system and skin are among the first to be affected by deficiencies of B Vitamins because these cells
-Undergo rapid turnover -Are metabolically active
Compared to refined or process grains, whole grains contain
- More zinc -More magnesium -More fiber
People who abuse alcohol are prone to thiamin deficiency because
-Alcohol decrease absorption of thiamin -Alcoholics tend to have low quality diets -Alcohol increases thiamin excretion in the urine
The ares of the body most affected by deficiencies of B Vitamins include the
-Brain and nervous system -Digestive system
Exposure to _____________ can causes a loss of certain vitamins
-Heat -Oxygen -Light
Choline role in transfer of single carbon groups during metabolic reactions influence risk for
-Nueral tube defect -cardiovascular disease
Foods that are good source of Vitamin E include
-Nuts -Wheat germs -Plant oils
Food sources of choline include:
-Peanut -Milk -Liver
Pair each form of Vitamin K with its source
-Phylloquinone: Green plants -menaquinone: Gut Bacteria -menadione: Synthetic
Place the steps of Vitamin B-12 absorption in the correct order
1. Cleavage food bound of Vitamin B-12 2. Secretion of intrinsic factor by stomach cell 3. Formation of intrinsic factor/B-12 complex 4. Absorption of Vitamin B-12
The adequate intake for pantothenic for acid for adult is ______ mg/day for adult men and women
5
Adult men need ____ miligrams of choline per day
550
____________ likely account for 30%- 40% or more of all cancer
Diet
Water soluble vitamins are not usually stored because they are
Filtered and excreted by the kidney
VItamin B-12 is important for neurological health because it
Is required for formation of myelin
Vitamins isolated from foods are classified as
Natural
_____________ is an early sign of Vitamin A deficiency
Night Blindness
Beriberi is a deficiency disease caused by a lack of
Thiamin
The B Vitamin required as a coenzyme to release energy from carbohydrate and some amino acid is
Thiamin
A ____________ is an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body
Vitamin
_______________ is known as the "anti-infection" vitamin
Vitamin A
The water soluble vitamin include
Vitamin B & C
Exceeding the UL for _____________ increases risk for developing kidney stone
Vitamin C
Rickets is the deficiency disease caused by the lack of vitamin
Vitamin D
Of the fat-soluble vitamins, a deficiency of ___________ is most likely because body store are low
Vitamin K
One function of the urinary system is to remove excess _________ soluble vitamins
Water
