Chapter 9 & 10 Microbiology

Which of the following techniques utilizes an electric current and the fact that DNA molecules are negatively charged?

Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein product obtained through recombinant DNA technology?

Antibiotics

A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA

Changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting a different codon.

In eukaryotic cells, what cellular structure is composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.

Chromosome

Which of the following is NOT a result of transposon activity in bacteria?

Correction of ultraviolet radiation mutations

Correction or repair of a faulty gene in humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease is a process known as ______.

Gene therapy

All of the following are methods for detecting mutant Bavaria, except ______.

Gram staining

The two strands of DNA can be separated in the laboratory by ______.

Heating DNA to just below boiling

When one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium , a type of genetic recombination known as ______ has occurred.

Horizontal gene transfer

Utilizing insulin made from recombinant DNA technology is beneficial because ______.

It will not cause an allergic reaction

Genetic ______ and the variations they produce result in population changes and thus, evolution

Mutations

Riboswitches are a type of ______ RNA in bacteria that can start or stop at step in gene expression.

Noncoding

For DNA viruses, the virus cycle occurs in the ______. Whereas the virus cycle for RNA viruses occurs in the ______.

Nucleus; cytoplasm

Viruses that lead to the transformation of the host cell into a cancer cell are described as being ______.

Oncogenic

A(n) ______ is a section of prokaryotic DNA that contains one or more genes along with a corresponding operator to control transcription.

Operon

Extra pieces of DNA found in bacteria are called

Plasmids

______ are excellent cloning vectors because they are small, well characterized, easy to manipulate, and can be transferred into appropriate host cells through transformation.

Plasmids

Which of the following is NOT one of the most reliable methods of DNA fingerprinting?

Polymerase chain reaction

Which of the following best describes translation?

RNA->Protein

Please choose the statement that best describes the role of restrictions enzymes in genetic engineering.

Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific locations

Retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficient virus (HIV), carry their genetic information as RNA and convert it to DNA using the enzyme.

Reverse transcriptase

Short lengths of RNA called ______ have the ability to control the expression of certain genes.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

All of the following are examples of GMOs, except ______.

The alternation of oncolytic adenoviruses to not cause colds

What cloning vector is specifically used to introduce DNA to plants?

Ti plasmid

The enzyme ______ is responsible for compacting the DNA molecule in prokaryotes.

Topoisomerase

The acceptance by a bacterial cell of small DNA fragments from the surrounding environment is termed______.

Transformation

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA.

Uracil

The ______ is the sum total of genetic material in a cell.

genome

DNA replication is said to be

semi-conservative

In hybridization,

DNA from two separate sources combine

Please choose the statement that describes the purpose of DNA microarray analysis.

DNA microarray analysis is used to determine which genes are being transcribed

To use a microarray, mRNA from cells of interest are first converted to ______.

cDNA