Chapter 9 & 10 Microbiology
Which of the following techniques utilizes an electric current and the fact that DNA molecules are negatively charged?
Gel electrophoresis
Which of the following is NOT a type of protein product obtained through recombinant DNA technology?
Antibiotics
A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA
Changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting a different codon.
In eukaryotic cells, what cellular structure is composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule.
Chromosome
Which of the following is NOT a result of transposon activity in bacteria?
Correction of ultraviolet radiation mutations
Correction or repair of a faulty gene in humans suffering from a fatal or debilitating disease is a process known as ______.
Gene therapy
All of the following are methods for detecting mutant Bavaria, except ______.
Gram staining
The two strands of DNA can be separated in the laboratory by ______.
Heating DNA to just below boiling
When one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium , a type of genetic recombination known as ______ has occurred.
Horizontal gene transfer
Utilizing insulin made from recombinant DNA technology is beneficial because ______.
It will not cause an allergic reaction
Genetic ______ and the variations they produce result in population changes and thus, evolution
Mutations
Riboswitches are a type of ______ RNA in bacteria that can start or stop at step in gene expression.
Noncoding
For DNA viruses, the virus cycle occurs in the ______. Whereas the virus cycle for RNA viruses occurs in the ______.
Nucleus; cytoplasm
Viruses that lead to the transformation of the host cell into a cancer cell are described as being ______.
Oncogenic
A(n) ______ is a section of prokaryotic DNA that contains one or more genes along with a corresponding operator to control transcription.
Operon
Extra pieces of DNA found in bacteria are called
Plasmids
______ are excellent cloning vectors because they are small, well characterized, easy to manipulate, and can be transferred into appropriate host cells through transformation.
Plasmids
Which of the following is NOT one of the most reliable methods of DNA fingerprinting?
Polymerase chain reaction
Which of the following best describes translation?
RNA->Protein
Please choose the statement that best describes the role of restrictions enzymes in genetic engineering.
Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA at specific locations
Retroviruses, such as the human immunodeficient virus (HIV), carry their genetic information as RNA and convert it to DNA using the enzyme.
Reverse transcriptase
Short lengths of RNA called ______ have the ability to control the expression of certain genes.
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
All of the following are examples of GMOs, except ______.
The alternation of oncolytic adenoviruses to not cause colds
What cloning vector is specifically used to introduce DNA to plants?
Ti plasmid
The enzyme ______ is responsible for compacting the DNA molecule in prokaryotes.
Topoisomerase
The acceptance by a bacterial cell of small DNA fragments from the surrounding environment is termed______.
Transformation
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA.
Uracil
The ______ is the sum total of genetic material in a cell.
genome
DNA replication is said to be
semi-conservative
In hybridization,
DNA from two separate sources combine
Please choose the statement that describes the purpose of DNA microarray analysis.
DNA microarray analysis is used to determine which genes are being transcribed
To use a microarray, mRNA from cells of interest are first converted to ______.
cDNA