Chapter 9: fungi and plants

What are the charophytes? 1. The oldest living plants 2. A type of algae that live symbiotically with fungi 3. A type of algae that are the closest living ancestors of the first plants 4. An extinct group of protists that may have given rise to the fungi

A type of algae that are the closest living ancestors of the first plants

Which of the following components is part of a plant's shoot system? 1. Root nodules 2. Mycorrhizae 3. Taproots 4. Flowers

Flowers

Are all fungi prokaryotes? 1. Yes, all fungi are prokaryotes. 2. No, they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes. 3. No, they are all eukaryotes. 4. No, some are prokaryotes, some are eukaryotes.

No, they are all eukaryotes.

What is a major role that fungi play in ecosystems? 1. Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water 2. Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain 3. Fixing carbon from the atmosphere 4. Decontaminating wastewater

Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain

Match the structures with their appropriate functions: 1. Roots allow plants to obtain carbon dioxide and water, while shoots allow plants to obtain nutrients and oxygen. 2. Roots allow plants to obtain water, nutrients and glucose, while shoots allow plants to obtain sunlight. 3. Roots allow plants to obtain glucose, while shoots allow plants to obtain sunlight and water. 4. Roots allow plants to obtain water and nutrients, while shoots allow plants to obtain gases and sunlight.

Roots allow plants to obtain water and nutrients, while shoots allow plants to obtain gases and sunlight.

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant? 1. Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots. 2. Sugars could not be made. 3. Water could not be sent to the roots. 4. The leaves would dry out.

Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots.

What are some challenges land plants face compared to life in the water? 1. Staying upright against the pull of gravity 2. Obtaining resources from the air and soil instead of from water 3. Obtaining and retaining moisture 4. All of the above are challenges faced by land plants.

All of the above are challenges faces by land plants.

Which of the following is a fungus? 1. Truffles 2. Yeast used to make bread 3. Mushrooms 4. All of the above are types of fungi

All of the above are types of fungi

What are two types of symbiotic relationships in plant roots? 1. Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in root hairs 2. Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae 3. Bacteria in root hairs, fungi in root nodules 4. Bacteria in mycorrhizae, fungi in root nodules

Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae

In what way are plants similar to algae? 1. Both can do photosynthesis. 2. Both have extensive root systems. 3. Both absorb nutrients from their environment through their entire body surface. 4. Both have stiff stems that support the organism against gravity.

Both can do photosynthesis

How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land? 1. By absorbing nutrients from the soil 2. By increasing structural support 3. By preventing the gametes from drying out 4. By preventing water loss

By preventing water loss

All fungi are harmful to humans. true or false

False

Fungicides are used to treat fungal diseases of plants. However, experts have warned gardeners that application of a fungicide can sometimes kill the plant as well as the fungal disease. Propose an explanation for how this might happen. 1. Only plants with large taproots, such as carrots and beets, would be affected, because large taproots contain most of a plant's mycorrhizae. 2. Fungicides might prevent fungi from carrying out nitrogen fixation. 3. Fungicides might kill fungi that are part of the plant's mycorrhizae. 4. Fungicide treatment would actually protect most plants because over 85 percent of plants in nature are found with mycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots. However, there are a few types of plants that are particularly susceptible to fungicides.

Fungicides might kill fungi that are part of the plant's mycorrhizae.

Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use? 1. In the leaves 2. In the stems 3. In the roots 4. In the flowers

In the roots

What does the vascular system do in plants? 1. It is the main system that prevents dehydration in plants. 2. It is the main site of photosynthesis in plants. 3. It allows for the transport of water, sugar and minerals. 4. It protects the plant's reproductive systems.

It allows for the transport of water, sugar and minerals.

Why are roots essential for terrestrial plants? 1. They absorb water and minerals needed for growth. 2. They allow plants to obtain sun energy. 3. They absorb carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis. 4. Roots are not essential for plants, as plants can function without roots.

They absorb water and minerals needed for growth.

Fungi are multicellular decomposers that obtain nutrients by _____________. 1. chemosynthesis 2. internal digestion 3. extracellular digestion 4. photosynthesis

extracellular digestion

Plants are ________. 1. multicellular prokaryotes 2. unicellular prokaryotes 3. multicellular eukaryotes 4. unicellular protists

multicellular eukaryotes