Chapter 9 Joints

Which is the most stable joint? a) coxal joint. b) glenohumeral joint. c) tibiofemoral joint. d) humeroulnar joint. e) humeroradial joint.

coxal joint.

A freely movable joint is a(n) a) Symphysis. b) Diarthrosis. c) Syndesmosis. d) Amphiarthrosis. e) Synarthrosis.

Diarthrosis.

The most common athletic knee injuries involve the a) Patella. b) Menisci. c) Ligaments. d) Tendons. e) Synovial membrane.

Menisci.

The structures responsible for channeling the flow of synovial fluid are a) Menisci. b) Bursae. c) Carpal tunnels. d) Articular cartilages. e) Tendons.

Menisci.

In a monoaxial articulation a) Movement can occur in all three axes. b) No movement is possible. c) Movement can occur in only one axis. d) Movement can occur in only two axes. e) Only circumduction is possible.

Movement can occur in only one axis.

The shoulder joint is primarily stabilized by a) The clavicle. b) The scapula. c) Glenohumeral ligaments. d) Muscles that move the humerus. e) Capsular fibers.

Muscles that move the humerus.

Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the ______________ joint. a) shoulder b) Elbow. c) Wrist. d) Hip. e) Knee.

Elbow.

Normal chewing in humans involves ____ of the mandible. a) Protraction and retraction. b) Opposition and reposition. c) Elevation and pronation. d) Elevation and depression. e) Supination and depression.

Elevation and depression.

Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? a) Elevation. b) Abduction. c) Flexion. d) Pronation. e) Circumduction.

Elevation.

A man raises his chin to shave his neck. This action is a) Elevation of the mandible. b) Extension of the neck. c) Hyperextension of the neck. d) Abduction of the neck. e) Dorsiflexion of the neck.

Extension of the neck.

The normal movement of the hip joint during walking involves a) Abduction. b) Adduction. c) Flexion. d) Extension. e) None of the above

Extension.

The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the a) Fat pads. b) Medial menisci. c) Lateral menisci. d) Popliteal ligaments. e) Cruciate ligaments.

Fat pads.

The lateral surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament(s). a) Cruciate. b) Fibular collateral. c) Patellar. d) Popliteal. e) Tibial collateral.

Fibular collateral.

Moving the head downward toward the chest ________ the intervertebral joints. a) Hyperextends. b) Flexes. c) Abducts. d) Extends. e) Rotates.

Flexes.

A monoaxial joint like the elbow is capable of which one of the following movements? a) Circumduction. b) Supination and pronation. c) Flexion and extension. d) Rotation. e) Abduction.

Flexion and extension.

The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold on to it is called a) Retraction. b) Opposition. c) Rotation. d) Eversion. e) Circumduction.

Opposition.

Nodding your head up and down is an example of a) Lateral and medial rotation. b) Circumduction. c) Flexion and extension. d) Pronation and supination. e) Protraction and retraction.

Flexion and extension.

To raise your hand and place it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you involves _______________ of the shoulder. a) Abduction. b) Adduction. c) Extension. d) Flexion. e) Elevation.

Flexion.

Since joints in the legs are subjected to greater forces, they are a) More mobile than arm joints. b) Less mobile than arm joints. c) Generally less stable than arm joints. d) Not diarthrotic joints. e) Not stabilized by ligaments.

Generally less stable than arm joints.

Which of the following types of joints are found between the carpals? a) Saddle. b) Gliding. c) Hinge. d) Ball-and-socket. e) Pivot.

Gliding.

A ________ is a synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets in the maxillary bone and the mandible. a) Suture. b) Gomphosis. c) Synchondrosis. d) Synotosis. e) None of the above

Gomphosis.

The elbow joint is an example of a (n) ________ joint. a) Saddle. b) Pivot. c) Ellipsoidal. d) Hinge. e) Gliding.

Hinge.

Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? a) Provides nutrients. b) Increases osmotic pressure within joint. c) Shock absorption. d) Lubrication. e) Protects articular cartilages.

Increases osmotic pressure within joint.

Luxations are painful due to stimulation of pain receptors in all locations, except a) Inside the joint cavity. b) In the tendons around the joint. c) In the capsule. d) In the ligaments around the joint. e) Both C and D.

Inside the joint cavity.

____ tips the soles medially, like facing each other, and ____ tips the soles laterally, away from each other. a) Dorsiflexion; plantar flexion. b) Inversion; eversion. c) Medial excursion; lateral excursion. d) Opposition; reposition. e) Retraction; protraction.

Inversion; eversion.

Which of the following is not a function of the intervertebral discs? a) Act as shock absorbers. b) Prevent bone-to-bone contact. c) Lubricate the joint. d) Contribute to the height of the individual. e) Allow the movements associated with flexion and rotation of the vertebral column.

Lubricate the joint.

The jaw joint is the articulation of a) Mandible and temporal bone. b) Mandible and sphenoid bone. c) Mandible and zygomatic bone. d) Mandible and maxilla. e) Maxilla and zygomatic.

Mandible and temporal bone.

All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception. a) The rotator cuff functions to limit the range of movements of the shoulder joint. b) The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint. c) The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint. d) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint. e) The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint.

The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.

These are all structures found in the shoulder joint except a) The glenohumeral ligament. b) The transverse humeral ligament. c) The coracohumeral ligament. d) The radioulnar ligament. e) The rotator cuff.

The radioulnar ligament.

Structural characteristics of the pectoral girdle that adapt it to a wide range of movement include a) Relatively weak joints. b) Heavy bones. c) Joints stabilized by ligaments and tendons. d) all of the above e) B and C only

all of the above

Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? a) The matrix begins to break down. b) The exposed surfaces are rough. c) Friction in the joint increases. d) Loss of normal synovial joint function. e) All of the above.

all of the above Friction in the joint increases, the exposed surface changes to a rough feltwork, the matrix begins to break down, and normal synovial joint function is unable to continue

Some joints become synostoses by the replacement of ______. a) fibers with cartilage. b) cartilage with fibers. c) bone with cartilage. d) bone with fibers. e) fibers with bone.

fibers with bone.

Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi is an example of ____ of the shoulder. a) Abduction. b) Adduction. c) Circumduction. d) Rotation. e) Protraction

Abduction.

Spreading your fingers apart is a form of a) A gliding motion. b) Abduction. c) Circumduction. d) Adduction. e) Hyperextension.

Abduction.

The _________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint. a) Fovea capitis. b) greater trochanter. c) lesser trochanter. d) Acetabular labrum. e) Ischial tuberosity.

Acetabular labrum.

In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci a) Are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia? b) Act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces. c) Take the place of bursae. d) Are found between the patella and femur. e) Both A and D.

Act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.

A movement toward the midline of the body is termed a) Flexion. b) Inversion. c) Adduction. d) Abduction. e) Extension.

Adduction.

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called ________ a) Amphiarthroses; synarthroses. b) Synarthroses; amphiarthroses. c) Diarthroses; amphiarthroses. d) Amphiarthroses; diarthroses. e) Diarthroses; synarthroses.

Amphiarthroses; synarthroses.

A slightly movable joint is a(n) a) Gomphosis. b) Synostosis. c) Amphiarthrosis d) Synarthrosis. e) Diarthrosis.

Amphiarthrosis

Bursae may be located in all but which of the following areas? a) Within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure. b) Tendon sheaths. c) Around most synovial joints. d) Around blood vessels. e) Beneath the skin covering a bone.

Around blood vessels.

The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called a) Kinesiology. b) Arthrology. c) Osteology. d) Biomechanics. e) Synostology.

Arthrology.

Triaxial joints are known as ________ joints. a) Ellipsoidal. b) Gliding. c) Ball-and-socket. d) Saddle. e) Hinge.

Ball-and-socket.

Intervertebral discs are found in which of the following locations? a) Between all of the cervical vertebrae. b) In the coccyx. c) Between all of the thoracic vertebrae. d) In the sacrum. e) None of the above

Between all of the thoracic vertebrae.

A (n) _________________ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint. a) Articular sac. b) Synovial vesicle. c) Bursa. d) Meniscus. e) Articular cavity.

Bursa.

Degenerative changes in a joint can be the result of all of the following, except a) Mechanical stress. b) Inflammation. c) Immobilization of a joint. d) Bacterial infection. e) Bursitis.

Bursitis.

A baseball player winding up for the pitch ______________ the shoulder. a) Rotates. b) Circumducts. c) Extends. d) Flexes. e) Elevates.

Circumducts.

The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are _____________ joints. a) Ball-and-socket. b) Condylar. c) Pivot. d) Hinge. e) Plane (gliding).

Condylar.

Which ligament spans the gap between the coracoid process and the acromion? a) Coracohumeral. b) Coracoacromial. c) Coracoclavicular. d) Glenohumeral. e) Glenoid labrum.

Coracoacromial.

Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? a) Iliofemoral ligament. b) Pubofemoral ligament. c) Ischiofemoral ligament. d) Ligamentum teres. e) Cruciate ligament.

Cruciate ligament.

Suppose you are looking at the back of your hand and you turn your fingers upward to admire a new ring. A motion employed in this would be a) Dorsiflexion of the hand. b) Hyperextension of the wrist. c) Extension of the wrist. d) Flexion of the wrist. e) Hyperflexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Dorsiflexion of the hand.

All of the following movements can occur across the intervertebral joints of the vertebral column except a) Flexion. b) Rotation. c) Dorsiflexion. d) Lateral flexion. e) Extension.

Dorsiflexion.

The ____ does not belong to the tibiofemoral joint. a) Lateral meniscus. b) Anterior cruciate ligament. c) Tibial (medial) collateral ligament. d) Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament. e) Posterior tibiofibular ligament.

Posterior tibiofibular ligament.

Your shoulders ________ when you reach to push a revolving door. a) Protract. b) Retract. c) Supinate. d) Hyperextend. e) Elevate.

Protract.

A herniated disc is caused by a) Loss of annulus fibrosis elasticity. b) Slippage of the fibrocartilage disc. c) Ossification of the vertebral disc. d) Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus. e) Transformation of fibrocartilage to hyaline cartilage.

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.

The joint between costal cartilage 1 and the sternum is a ____________, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by ____________ joints. a) Syndesmosis; synovial. b) Synchondrosis; synovial. c) Synostosis; cartilaginous. d) Synarthrosis; cartilaginous. e) Symphysis; cartilaginous.

Synchondrosis; synovial.

The joint between L2 and L3 is a a) synostosis. b) gomphosis. c) synchondrosis. d) Symphysis. e) Syndesmosis.

Symphysis.

A suture is an example of a(n) a) Synarthrosis. b) Symphysis. c) Syndesmosis. d) Diarthrosis. e) Amphiarthrosis.

Synarthrosis.

An immovable joint is a) Synarthrosis. b) Diarthrosis. c) Amphiarthrosis. d) Syndesmosis. e) Symphysis.

Synarthrosis.

A ligamentous connection such as between the bones of the lower leg is termed a a) Syndesmosis. b) Synostosis. c) Symphysis. d) Synchondrosis. e) Gomphosis.

Syndesmosis.

__________are the least movable joints. a) Symphyses. b) Synchondroses. c) Syndesmoses. d) Gomphoses. e) Synostoses.

Synostoses.

The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ____ ligament. a) Anterior cruciate. b) Posterior cruciate. c) Patellar. d) Popliteal. e) Tibial collateral.

Patellar.

The radioulnar joint is a a) Ball-and-socket joint. b) Saddle joint. c) Hinge joint. d) Pivot joint. e) Condylar joint.

Pivot joint.

If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing ____ at the ankle. a) Plantar flexion. b) Abduction. c) Opposition. d) Dorsiflexion. e) Eversion.

Plantar flexion.

All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints except a) Hinge. b) Gliding. c) Rolling. d) Saddle. e) Pivot.

Rolling.

The joint between the carpus and metacarpus I of the thumb is an example of a (n) a) Saddle joint. b) Ellipsoidal joint. c) Pivot joint. d) Hinge joint. e) Gliding joint.

Saddle joint.

The tibiotalar joint is an example of a (n) ________ joint. a) Ellipsoidal. b) Saddle. c) Hinge. d) Ball-and-socket. e) Gliding.

Saddle.

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the a) Hip joint. b) Shoulder joint. c) Elbow joint. d) Knee joint. e) Wrist joint.

Shoulder joint.

Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? a) Elbow. b) Knee. c) Ankle. d) Wrist. e) Shoulder.

Shoulder.

The surface of articular cartilage is a) Sticky. b) Smooth. c) Rough.

Smooth.

The _________ bursa does not belong to the glenohumeral joint. a) Subdeltoid. b) Subcoracoid. c) Subpatellar. d) Subacromial. e) Subscapular.

Subpatellar.

After playing tennis, Eve notices that her shoulder is sore and later in the day finds that not only is there pain when she moves her arm, but her range of motion is also limited. These symptoms are consistent with inflammation of the a) Prepatellar bursa. b) Olecranon bursa. c) Subscapular bursa. d) Radial bursa. e) Subbrachial bursa.

Subscapular bursa.

The opposite movement of pronation is a) Dorsiflexion. b) Hyperextension. c) Rotation. d) Supination. e) Circumduction

Supination.

What structure in the knee prevents hyperextension? a) The anterior cruciate ligament. b) The posterior cruciate ligament. c) The fibular (lateral) collateral ligament. d) The medial meniscus. e) The lateral meniscus.

The anterior cruciate ligament.

The elbow joint is extremely stable because a) The bony surfaces do not interlock with each other. b) The articular capsule is very thick. c) The capsule lacks reinforcement by ligaments. d) Several muscles firmly support the joint capsule. e) The joint lacks bursae.

The articular capsule is very thick.

The talocrural joint is a meeting of a) The femur, calcaneus, and talus. b) The femur, tibia, and patella. c) The tibia, fibula, and talus. d) The tibia, fibula, and calcaneus. e) The tibia, calcaneus, and talus.

The tibia, fibula, and talus.

Unlike other joints, a ___________ does not join two bones to each other. a) suture. b) syndesmosis. c) gomphosis. d) cartilaginous joint.

cartilaginous joint.

These are the major categories of joints, except a) elastic. b) synovial. c) cartilaginous. d) Fibrous.

elastic.

The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a a) synchondrosis. b) symphysis. c) serrate suture. d) Lap suture. e) Plane suture.

synchondrosis.

The radioulnar joint is a a) suture. b) gomphosis. c) syndesmosis. d) Synchondrosis. e) Symphysis.

syndesmosis.

These are all anatomical components of a synovial joint, except a) An articular cartilage. b) A joint cavity. c) An interosseous membrane. d) A fibrous capsule. e) A synovial membrane.

An interosseous membrane.

Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a rotator cuff injury? a) Tennis player. b) Quarterback. c) Runner. d) Baseball pitcher. e) Both B and D.

Both B and D. Quarterback and Baseball pitcher

A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain beneath her right shoulder blade. In talking with her, you discover that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her pitching skills for her school's softball team. What is likely causing the pain? a) Her pain is probably caused by bursitis, which can result from repetitive motion, infection, trauma, chemical irritation, or presser over the joint. b) Given the location of the pain, her pain probably results from the repetitive motion of practicing pitches. c) Both. d) Neither.

Both.

During a basketball game, Mike injured his right knee when he jumped to retrieve the ball and then landed off balance on his right leg. Since then, he has pain and limited mobility of his right knee joint. What type of injury did Mike probably sustain? a) Mike has probably damaged his menisci, which acts as cushions to absorb the force of movements such as jumping. b) When Mike landed off-balance on his right knee, the excessive force could have pushed the menisci out of place. In turn, synovial membranes and/or the ligaments were damaged, resulting in swelling, which also limits his mobility. c) Both. d) Neither.

Both.

When you hold out your hands with the palms up, ________ of your wrists will tip your palms toward you. a) Hyperextension. b) Circumduction. c) Rotation. d) Flexion. e) Abduction.

Flexion.

The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints. a) Saddle. b) Ellipsoidal. c) Hinge. d) Gliding. e) Ball-and-socket.

Gliding.

The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints. a) Saddle. b) Pivot. c) Ellipsoidal. d) Hinge. e) Gliding.

Gliding.

The proximal and middle phalanges form ________________ joints. a) Pivot. b) Plane (gliding). c) Hinge. d) Saddle. e) Condylar (ellipsoid).

Hinge.

Which of the following types of joints is monoaxial, but capable of only rotation? a) Saddle. b) Gliding. c) Hinge. d) Ball-and-socket. e) Pivot.

Hinge.

The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the a) Humeroulnar joint. b) Ulnar joint. c) Ulna-radial joint. d) Radial joint. e) Humeroradial joint.

Humeroulnar joint.

An extension past the anatomical position is known as a) Double jointed. b) Extension. c) Flexion. d) Rotation. e) Hyperextension.

Hyperextension.

The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except _______________, which explains in part the nature of most shoulder dislocations. a) Anteriorly. b) Posteriorly. c) Superiorly. d) Inferiorly. e) Medially.

Inferiorly.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage? a) There is no perichondrium. b) It is composed of hyaline cartilage. c) The matrix contains more water than other cartilages. d) Surfaces are normally slick and smooth. e) It secretes synovial fluid.

It secretes synovial fluid.

The joints that are subjected to the greatest forces would be found in the a) Legs. b) Arms. c) Hands. d) Spine. e) Skull.

Legs.

__________are the most movable joints. a) Symphyses. b) Synovial joints. c) Syndesmoses. d) Gomphoses. e) Synchondroses.

Synovial joints.

The temporomandibular joint is a (n) _______________ joint. a) Osseous. b) Cartilaginous. c) Bony. d) Fibrous. e) Synovial.

Synovial.

Complete dislocation of the knee is an extremely rare event because a) The knee is protected by the patella. b) The femur articulates with the tibia at the knee. c) The knee contains seven major ligaments. d) The knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks. e) The knee is extremely resilient.

The knee contains seven major ligaments.

______________ Joint is a multiaxial joint. a) The radioulnar. b) The metatarsophalangeal. c) The humeroulnar. d) The humeroscapular. e) The atlantoaxial.

The humeroscapular.

Which is the largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body? a) The hip. b) The knee. c) The elbow. d) The shoulder. e) The wrist.

The knee.

Range of motion of a joint is normally determined by the following factors except a) The shapes of the bone surfaces. b) The length of the bone. c) The stiffness of the ligaments. d) The strength of the ligaments. e) The action of the muscles associated with the joint.

The length of the bone.

The stronger and more stable a joint is a) The more mobility it has. b) The less mobility it has.

The less mobility it has.