Chapter 9 Review Questions and Answers

ANIMISM is the belief that

inanimate objects have life-like qualities such as thought, language, and control of actions. For example, the clouds move slowly because they don't have legs or because they are sleepy.

The information processing model shows

that information flows from the sensory register to short-term and working memory when attention is paid to that information, and then it goes to long-term when it is effectively encoded and stored. {encoding process}

SOCIALIZED SPEECH shows

the ability to take into account the perspective of the listener.

{CO-CONSTRUCTION is a term used by Vygotsky}

the self-directed speech used when trying to guide behavior, on specific tasks score better on academic achievement tests than children who do not use it. (T or F) True

CENTRATION refers to

they {may focus on either the shape or the color of some blocks, but they can't yet focus on both at the same time.} {DECENTERED}

EGOCENTRIC SPEECH refers to

when children talk to themselves out loud

PRESCHOOL CLASSROOMS PIAGET'S THEORY (A-D)

{All of these}

{Response inhibition}

{Holding back from saying a bad word}

{FAST MAPPING is a process in which}

{children learn a new word rapidly by forming a quick and reasonable guess about its meaning. It begins in toddlerhood, but accelerates during early childhood.}

{School readiness skills} are considered to be

{experience-dependent aspects of development.}

{SCAFFOLDING promotes development when it helps the child}

{move to the next level of understanding or accomplishment. Consider a child who can ride a two-wheeled bicycle only if it has training wheels. But with help- scaffolding- from an adult, he can learn to balance the bicycle without training wheels, and then finally, ride the two-wheeler on his own.}

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE- Piaget's second stage of cognitive development,

{preoperational thinking judging by appearance}.

{ORTHOGRAPHIC AWARENESS- the awareness of}

{the visual representation of words and their conventional spelling. In general, children who use inventive spelling (e.g. writing how words sound rather than being forced to spell them correctly) before receiving formal instruction in writing and reading are more likely to become good spellers and readers in elementary school.}

EGOCENTRISM example

{three mountain task, the view from one side of the table only shows two of the three mountains.}