Chapter activities

Which of the following is early predictor of antisocial behavior? a. Nursing beyond the age of 3 b. Fear of new situations c. Stealing money from other children d. Being diagnosed with ADHD

Fear of new situations

_______________ by the age of 7 is the most consistent and strongest predictors of poor academic outcomes by the age of 16. a. Distorted self-perceptions b. Inattention c. Specific Learning Disorder d. Combative behavior

Inattention

Which of the following statements about the cause of ADHD is most accurate? a. ADHD is caused by excessive sugar intake that worsens around Halloween. b. Numerous causes for ADHD have been proposed but none of have been unanimously accepted as fact due to lack adequate testing or support. c. The most significant factor associated with the development of ADHD is bad parents who typically overindulge their children which promotes poor impulse control. d. Children develop ADHD after watching more than 200 hours of television.

Numerous causes for ADHD have been proposed but none of have been unanimously accepted as fact due to lack adequate testing or support.

Rodney, who is 8, annoys the other children in class. His half-brother is 19 and his mother works late, so they are "not there for him." How can you see his behavior as functional, even positive, before attempting to modify it? a. Rodney's looking for attention may be an adaptation to overcome loneliness or neglect. b. Rodney has some form of attention deficit, which will make it easier to diagnose his behavior. c. Rodney's behavior is clearly nonviolent and you can feel safe working with him. d. Rodney's behavior suggests that he has an innate friendliness that can be redirected.

Rodney's looking for attention may be an adaptation to overcome loneliness or neglect.

Researchers have ruled out this factor as a primary cause of CD because incidents of disruptive behavior can occur at daycare, preschool, and in the home. a. Delinquent siblings b. Socioeconomic status c. The classroom experience and the academic demands d. Ethnicity

The classroom experience and the academic demands

Compared to children on adolescent-limited (AC) path, children on the life-course-persistent (LCP) path __________. a. are more subject to peer influences and belong to gangs b. become "career criminals" c. experience a marked drop in less serious or "victimless" antisocial behaviors (e.g., vandalism, shoplifting) seen in the teenage years, as the bell curve shows d. display more aggressive forms of antisocial behavior

display more aggressive forms of antisocial behavior

It is generally accepted that __________ of children with conduct disorder (CD) also have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). a. 25 percent b. 75 percent c. over half d. two-thirds

over half

Although most children commit some act of antisocial behavior, the most extreme cases are estimated to be __________, which is still a worrisome statistic. a. 1 million b. over a half million c. 10 percent of all children d. 5 percent of all children

5 percent of all children

Although ADHD is not associated with an intellectual deficit, children with this disorder score ________ lower on IQ tests than control children or siblings. a. 10 to 15 points b. 15 to 20 points c. 20 to 30 points d. 5 to 9 points

5 to 9 points

An estimated __________ percent of young people with conduct problems will also receive diagnoses of depression or anxiety. a. 75 b. 45 c. 50 d. 25

50

Although symptoms can improve as a child ages ADHD continues into adolescence for at least ____ or more of elementary school children. a. 50% b. 88% c. 95% d. 70%

50%

ADHD is a difficult disorder to treat because _____ of children with ADHD have a co-occuring psychological disorder. a. 30% b. 10% c. 80% d. 50%

80%

Stimulant medication increase sustained attention, impulse control, and persistent of work effort in __________ of children with ADHD. a. 80% b. 50% c. 12% d. 60%

80%

In many intervention scenarios, the parent is an important part of the child's therapy. For a child diagnosed with conduct disorder, why might a foster home serve as an appropriate safe place until the parent or parents can help (or learn how to help)? a. Most children with CD are delinquents and state and local jurisdictions require a foster home or halfway house. b. The parents often have criminal records and require discrete forms of treatment before they can "do their children any good." c. Parents are often emotionally drained and unwilling to assist professionals. d. A foster home might be needed if the child's home environment is not conducive to his or her welfare.

A foster home might be needed if the child's home environment is not conducive to his or her welfare.

The co-occurrence of _________ is commonly associated with a lower IQ, academic problems, and an increased risk for CD. a. criminal behavior b. SLD c. ADHD d. antisocial disorder (AD)

ADHD

Which of the following statements best represents the most current explanation of ADHD? a. Current models focus on the importance of increased physical agitation associated with hyperactivity, as a singular explanation. b. More focus is currently given to understanding the environmental causes, such as nutrition, that contribute to the development of ADHD. c. The most accepted models for understanding ADHD focus on inattention and problems with impulse control as the primary symptoms of ADHD d. ADHD is viewed with a multi-pathway model that includes both attention-related and motivation-related theories.

ADHD is viewed with a multi-pathway model that includes both attention-related and motivation-related theories.

Ahmed has a speech impediment and his father is under a restraining order that he has violated on numerous occasions. Ahmed has been suspended from school for the third time this year for disruptive behavior when he becomes frustrated at not being understood. Why are these suspensions doing more harm than good in ending these worrisome incidents? a. Suspensions are lowering Ahmed's sense of self-esteem. b. Ahmed has to deal with his verbal deficit and a serious problem on the home front that needs to be factored into further suspensions. c. Ahmed's case reveals how verbal and language deficits contribute to a range of developmental setbacks. d. Suspending Ahmed is exposing him to a possibly violent father.

Ahmed has to deal with his verbal deficit and a serious problem on the home front that needs to be factored into further suspensions.

Leon, a child with conduct disorder, takes small objects that that are not his (e.g. a toy, a crayon, a yogurt cup) from his fellow students. However, when confronted by another child, Leon will cry rather than argue with the child or threaten her. Which negative mood symptom might prevent his conduct problem from seguing into fighting or lying? a. Depression b. Internalizing c. Passive-aggressive behavior d. Anxiety

Anxiety

Most child delinquents cease being active offenders in their 20s. As adults, however, they should they consider seeking professional treatment, counseling, and the like. Why? a. As adults, they are more likely to use recreational drugs and resort to alcoholism. b. As adults, they tend to suffer from depression. c. Although their police records are technically "cleaned," such records will nevertheless follow them throughout the course of their lives. This leads to deficiencies in self-esteem. d. As adults, they have increased risks for other kinds of problems related to their antisocial behavior.

As adults, they have increased risks for other kinds of problems related to their antisocial behavior.

If a child is diagnosed with CD, why is often important to treat or monitor him or her into adulthood? a. As an adult, the child has a 40 percent chance of developing antisocial personality disorder. b. As an adult, the child has a high probability of becoming a sociopath. c. The likelihood that the child will segue into a psychopathic adult, with many of the menacing features associated with career criminals, is virtually certain. d. CD is a precursor of APD, with a nearly 90 percent chance of the child exhibiting psychopathic features in his or her behavior.

As an adult, the child has a 40 percent chance of developing antisocial personality disorder.

Recall diagnosing Bart Simpson for CD. Given what you know about him based on his list of anti-social acts, which clinical observation suggests there is "hope for the boy"? a. Bart has friends. b. Bart is nothing but a "classic trickster." c. Bart's rapport with Grandpa Simpson. d. Bart lacks the characteristics of a CU interpersonal style.

Bart lacks the characteristics of a CU interpersonal style.

________________ are used to test neurobiological theories and have revealed a consistent set of neural circuits associated with ADHD. a. Behavioral assessments b. Blood tests c. Brain-imaging studies d. Intelligence (IQ) tests

Brain-imaging studies

Which child best represents an early manifestation of a deficiency in prosocial emotions? a. Betty, 13, claims that Will, a classmate, touched her inappropriately. It is found out later he did not. b. Charlie, 16, has been suspended from Biology 101. He steals and buries the preserved animals used by his fellow students because he doesn't think it's morally right. c. Carl, 5, punches David for no reason in the back of the head. Carl will not apologize. He says, "I don't want to care!" d. Quinten, 11, will stand in front of his mother's car when he doesn't want her to take him to school on test days.

Carl, 5, punches David for no reason in the back of the head. Carl will not apologize. He says, "I don't want to care!

Children with ADHD often display problems with impulse control and organization. In what way(s) could these behaviors affect the life of the child? a. Children appreciate other children who don't do well in school which increases the number of positive peer relationships they acquire. b. Children with ADHD may experience frustration for not fitting in with their peers which can impact the child's self-esteem c. Children with ADHD are often the class clown due to their high levels of energy which makes them popular amongst their peers and results in many friendships. d. Children with poor organizational skills may receive special services to help with this issue which could help the child succeed tin the long-run.

Children with ADHD may experience frustration for not fitting in with their peers which can impact the child's self-esteem

Which of the following behaviors best reflects the features of excessive anxiety in children with ADHD? a. Children with ADHD have poor social awareness which leads to peer problems. b. Children with ADHD report bad dreams. c. Children with ADHD exhibit aggressive behavior. d. Children with ADHD worry about being separated from their parents.

Children with ADHD worry about being separated from their parents.

Which of the following statements about ADHD is TRUE? a. Children with overactive and unrestrained behaviors have been documented for more than 200 years. b. ADHD is a disorder that is rarely seen among children in clinical settings c. Typically children with symptoms of ADHD are untreatable due to their high levels of agitation d. Symptoms of ADHD are relatively unseen in children before the age of 15

Children with overactive and unrestrained behaviors have been documented for more than 200 years.

Which of the following terms is a diagnostic term recognized by the DSM-5? a. Communication disorder b. Specific learning disorder c. Cognitive impairment d. Learning disorder

Communication disorder Specific learning disorder

Some children with ADHD may outgrow the disorder or learn to effectively cope with the symptoms if they did not display problems with ______________. a. Conduct b. Depression c. Hyperactivity d. Intelligence

Conduct

Recall the chart that categorizes conduct problems into four basic types with a range of extremes (i.e., destructive, nondestructive, covert, and overt). Colin keyed his mother's Mercedes Benz in the garage because she wouldn't let him play "Carmeggedon." Then he tried to cover it up with touchup paint. How would you categorize his behavior as delinquency? a. Overt cruel aggression b. Covert, destructive property violation c. Covert status violation d. Destructive oppositional behavior

Covert, destructive property violation

Approximately 20% to 30% of children and adolescents with ADHD also experience ___________. a. Tic Disorder b. Delusional Disorder c. Depression d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Depression

Which of the following disorders is most likely associated with ADHD that reflects problems with motor coordinating and delays in achieving motor milestones? a. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) b. Reactive Attachment Disorder c. Tic Disorders d. Asperger's Disorder

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

Dyscalculia can best be described as __________. a. Dyscalculia is the inability to count numbers. b. Dyscalculia stands for a range of math difficulties. c. Dyscalculia is the generic name for all disorders associated with math. d. Dyscalculia is the inability to perform more advanced calculations, such as division.

Dyscalculia stands for a range of math difficulties. Dyscalculia is the inability to perform more advanced calculations, such as division.

Currently, recommendations for children with LD emphasize educational methods designed for the child and that that child's existing abilities should be cultivated. What do these proposals recognize? a. Children have an innate form of intelligence that can be utilized for their own benefit. b. Each child is unique and learns in his or her own way. c. Children with LD require special programs outside of the uniformity of the educational environment. d. Every child with LD has much in common in how he or she learns and LD children can actually help each other.

Each child is unique and learns in his or her own way.

______________ focus(es) on managing inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behaviors that interfere with learning. a. Multimodal treatment b. Parental management therapy c. Educational interventions d. ADHD support groups

Educational interventions

Trina is 15. Her mother allows her to sleep with her boyfriend at home because it is a "safe place." Trina, however, thinks her mother is being "creepy" and disobeyed her until the police brought her home for engaging in a sexual act. How should Trina's behavior be treated? a. Trina's engaging in sexual misbehavior, which is an indirect form antisocial behavior, is typical of her gender. b. Her sexual misconduct will likely result in Trina becoming pregnant at an early age. c. Even though her mother is permissive about sex, an objective therapist should treat Trina's oppositional behavior first. d. Trina exhibits how the gender disparity in children with a CD begins to narrow at her age.

Even though her mother is permissive about sex, an objective therapist should treat Trina's oppositional behavior first.

Which of the following children are demonstrating problems with Executive Function (EF)? a. Helen sometimes forgets to write down her homework, but can recall most of the information while she begins working at home. b. Jesse can get irritated when he doesn't understand a concept in math c. Gregory often calls out answers without raising his hand despite remarks from his peers or reprimands from the teacher. d. Enrique feels sleepy in class when he is bored with an assignment that he has no interest in learning.

Gregory often calls out answers without raising his hand despite remarks from his peers or reprimands from the teacher.

Carla admitted to the school psychologist, "I feel like I have had postpartum depression since the day Nicole was born. She can't get mad at me, but she can get mad at school." What current understanding suggests a connection between Nicole's negative emotions and her mother? a. The percentage of children suffering from high negative emotionality is higher when the mother suffered from postpartum depression b. Children who develop CDs actually have a form of sympathetic depression. c. If a mother is depressed early in her life, research suggests there is greater risk for CD. d. Antisocial behavior is directly related to maternal neglect.

If a mother is depressed early in her life, research suggests there is greater risk for CD.

Which of the following children are LEAST likely to be diagnosed with ADHD due to gender differences? a. Dan is often argumentative with his teachers which results in meetings with his parents. b. Jillian is frequently inattentive and distracted in class, but she's not disruptive and doesn't cause trouble. c. Albert cannot stop talking during class time even when the teacher reminds her to be quiet and her peers get annoyed with her chatter. d. Raul cannot sit still for more than 10 seconds and can be found running around the room during class time.

Jillian is frequently inattentive and distracted in class, but she's not disruptive and doesn't cause trouble.

Symptoms of ADHD were first described by ________________ in 1775 a. Thomas Paine b. Jason Spiegelman c. Melchior Adam Weikard d. Alexander Crichton

Melchior Adam Weikard

There is strong evidence that ADHD is a __________________ disorder, but biological and environmental risk factors shape the expression of the symptoms. a. Biopsychosocial b. Genetic c. Cognitive d. Neurodevelopmental

Neurodevelopmental

Which of the following conduct problems is more prevalent in childhood? a. Conduct disorder b. Oppositional defiance disorder c. ADHD with ODD d. CD with ADHD

Oppositional defiance disorder

__________________________ is a treatment that focuses on teaching both effective parenting practices and strategies for coping with challenges of parenting a child with ADHD. a. Anger management b. Parent Management training (PMT) c. Parental Educational exchange (PEE) d. Parental Boot camp Training (PBT)

Parent Management training (PMT)

The Centers for Disease Control has published recent data based on a survey of U.S. high school students who have been involved in hazardous, on-campus behaviors. What is the most common experience that these students have reported? a. Unwanted sexual contact b. Weapons c. Physical fights d. Bullying

Physical fights

Which of the following are NOT correct ADHD presentation-types? a. Predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI) b. Predominately Impulsive (ADHD-I) c. Combined (ADHD-C) d. Predominantly hyperactive (ADHD-HI)

Predominately Impulsive (ADHD-I)

Twin studies have found that ________________ in the family account for only a small amount of the variation in ADHD symptoms. a. Levels of parental education b. Psychosocial factors c. Genetic markers d. Dysfunction

Psychosocial factors

A new Cincinnati Police task force met with school psychologists and parents whose minor children had experienced opioid addiction. Which strategy for curbing this kind of antisocial behavior does this encounter best exemplify? a. Public health perspective b. Parent-professional stakeholder initiative c. Psychiatric perspective d. Psychological perspective

Public health perspective

For the teenage child with who has been in and out of detention centers, halfway houses, and foster homes, what makes helping them challenging? a. Modern juvenile detention facilities have become part of the adult prison system. b. Older children with conduct problems and antisocial behavior are more often subject to arrest. c. Society increasingly wants such children treated as adults and facing adult penalties and rehabilitation. d. In many cases, such children will become adults after they have committed a crime.

Society increasingly wants such children treated as adults and facing adult penalties and rehabilitation.

______________ are the most effective and most commonly used to treat the symptoms of ADHD. a. SSRIs b. Stimulant medications c. Gluten-free diet d. Anti-psychotics

Stimulant medications

Given that serotonin has a beneficial effect, which of the following examples would be the most plausible observable personality trait (phenotype) for a child with a genetic resilience to being bullied from the 5-HTT gene? Why might they not suffer as much from being bullied? a. Such bullied children would experience less anxiety or fear when during such a negative experience and in the aftermath. b. Such children have a naturally serene quality. c. Bullied children with the 5-HTT gene have an internalized ability to heal their emotional wellbeing. d. Children with elevated levels of serotonin are more likely to interpret a bully as funny, not really intending malice.

Such bullied children would experience less anxiety or fear when during such a negative experience and in the aftermath.

Which of the following statements about the developmental course of ADHD is correct? a. Symptoms of ADHD change with development of the child across the lifespan. b. There is no evidence to suggest that temperament in infancy relates to ADHD c. Early markers of ADHD in infancy will remain the same as the child ages. d. There are no changes in the presentation of the symptoms associated with ADHD as the child gets older.

Symptoms of ADHD change with development of the child across the lifespan.

"Learning disability" is a diagnostic term for significant problems in reading, writing, math, and other skills required for academic success. a. This statement is correct; however, the problems are not in the domain of an intellectual disability. b. This statement is incorrect. There is no such diagnostic term. c. This statement is an incorrect usage for a mild intellectual disability. d. This term is correct in that the problems can be overcome by remedial education.

This statement is incorrect. There is no such diagnostic term.

Lori began to talk before her first birthday and could even speak in short but complete sentences as a toddler. Her problems reading words on the blackboard or in a storybook appeared in kindergarten. Why wasn't her problem discovered earlier? a. Her mother should have let Lori read to her once in a while. b. Children typically have their eyes tested when entering school, which reveals the primary physical cause of reading problems. c. When a child enters school, he or she is taught to connect spoken and written language. d. Kindergarten is when phonological awareness develops.

When a child enters school, he or she is taught to connect spoken and written language.

The three dimensions include each of the following except ________. a. negative affect b. hurtful behavior c. defiance d. angry-irritable effect

angry-irritable effect

The legal definition of "delinquency" involves which two components? a. apprehension and court contact b. Antisocial behavior and law breaking c. A property crime and a violent crime d. A criminal act and a child over the age of 5 years old

apprehension and court contact

A perceptual map connects __________, which allows a child to hear the difference between words, no matter how closely they sound alike. (multiple answers) a. the auditory cortex to the ears b. dedicated connections in the brain c. phonemes together to form language d. similarities between sounds

dedicated connections in the brain phonemes together to form language

Which of the following health issues are NOT associated with ADHD? a. Diabetes b. Encopresis c. Enuresis d. Sleep disturbances

diabetes

Like some learning disabilities, most children with antisocial behaviors see their problems __________ throughout childhood. a. increase b. level off c. diminish d. go unnoticed

diminish

When a child can finally hear and say his name "Jim" by hearing his name spelled j, i, and m, what happened in his brain? a. He has achieved the phonological awareness of his own name. b. He has learned how to pronounce his own name through the separate sounds of its composite letters. c. He has learned how his name is spelled. d. His brain has perceptually mapped the letters and sound of his own name.

his brain has perceptually mapped the letters and sound of his own name.

Dan is often very restless and can be found running around the classroom, bouncing on his chair, and talking excessively. These behaviors best represent which aspect of ADHD? a. Inattention b. Hyperactivity c. Impulsivity d. Distractibility

hyperactivity

Which of the following refers to an inability to sustain attention, to remember and follow through on instructions, and resist distraction? a. Distractible b. Inattention c. Defiance d. Flakey

inattenion

Jenny has a hard time telling certain words apart. For example, she cannot read the difference between the word "carpenter" and "caterpillar." She has a problem with __________. a. vowels b. consonants c. syllables with similar sounds d. phonemes

phonemes

Research suggests that children with conduct disorder, especially in severe forms, __________. a. typically experience the various indications for ADHD first b. are predisposed to ADHD c. have cognitive impairments attributed to neurodevelopmental abnormalities d. suggests that both ADHD and CD are the same disorder

typically experience the various indications for ADHD first