Chapter quizzes PSY 350

Chromosomes are composed of the genetic material called:

DNA

Pick the statement that Bowlby or another attachment theorist would make.

"A loving primary attachment figure is crucial to mental health."

When James describes his wife of 8 years, he radiates pleasure. He says that he is in love with and committed to his wife. He believes that his wife should have her own friends and interests. James' attachment style is:

secure

Mr. Kirshenbaum is in his late 50s. Typically, he will have all of the following visual problems EXCEPT for trouble:

seeing in daylight

Terrence hangs out with his clique. Jerome spends time with a crowd. Terrence is in a(n) _____ peer group and Jerome is with a _____ peer group.

smaller; larger

Elementary schools that are "beating the odds," or exceeding expectations, do NOT:

use worksheets to drill students for standardized tests.

What happens to a person who is suffering from Alzheimer's disease?

The neurons decay and are replaced by neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

Which of the following is the first sign of puberty in boys?

The penis and testes grow.

A late-life chronic eye condition that is curable and thus does NOT permanently impair sight is:

a cataract

Which death is hardest for survivors to ever come to terms with?

a child's death

The three MOST common pathways to death are: sudden and unexpected death, death occurring after a steady decline, and death after:

a long, erratic series of health ups and downs.

These theorists believe that morning sickness prevented the mother from eating spoiled meat or toxic plants, which could damage the developing embryo.

evolutionary psychologists

Impairments in _____ are prominent in the early stages of a neurocognitive disorder.

executive functions

Nerelda is working at top capacity in a challenging task, and the hours fly by like minutes. The name for the state she is in is:

flow

Children who are incredibly anxious, timid, and frightened:

have internalizing tendencies.

Which of the following is the only characteristic shared by normal dieters and people with eating disorders?

having an interest in losing weight

All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living:

in traditional two-parent families.

AIDS is an example of death in this dying pathway.

long and erratic

This is currently the MOST common dying pathway.

long and erratic

By the _____ century death had become a topic that was avoided.

mid-20th

Even when people know they are dying the awareness may NOT fully penetrate. This emotional state is called _____ knowledge.

middle

With _____ the person has difficulties with memory and thinking that do NOT prevent independent living.

minor neurocognitive disorder

Withholding potentially life-saving interventions from a terminally ill or comatose patient is:

passive euthanasia

Who has the highest accident rate per miles driven?

people over 75

_____ children are frequently named in the most-liked category and never appear in the disliked group. They also stand out as being really liked by everyone.

popular

The tendency for older people to focus on positive experiences and to ignore negative ones is referred to as the:

positivity effect

According to Eric Erikson, each life stage has a particular:

psychosocial task

At what stage is parent-child conflict apt to be its worst?

puberty

Being obese or having a high BMI predicts:

reaching puberty at a younger age for girls.

After having dated for two years, Kathryn and James know each other well. They both feel passionate about each other but are not ready to commit to marriage. Sternberg would describe this couple as experiencing _____ love.

romantic

The majority of residents in long-term care are:

women in their late eighties and above.

Osteoporosis is MOST common among _____ who are _____.

women; thin

In the study examining teenagers' career dreams, researchers classified people as _____ if they enjoyed being productive and had a sense of accomplishing tasks.

workers

Mr. Waters was just diagnosed with the type of neurocognitive disorder that involves small strokes. His diagnosis is:

vascular neurocognitive disorder.

One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents.

4

The typical time from being diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder until death is approximately:

4-10 years

Every cell, with the exception of sperm and ova, contain _____ chromosomes.

46

On average, the physical changes of puberty take about _____ to complete.

5 years

Roughly 1 in _____ people in developed nations die without warning.

6

Around age _____ people are roughly 2-5 percent shorter due to the compression of the joint cartilage and bones.

70

What percentage of adolescent seniors in high school think it is okay for teenagers to have sexual intercourse?

70

Pruning in the frontal lobes starts at age:

9

At about _____, children learn to _____.

6 months; self-soothe (go back to sleep when they wake up)

About _____ low-income children in the United States move frequently.

1 in 3

Boys' brains are about _____ percent larger than the brains of girls.

10

_____ states that for old-old people, medical care interventions aimed at resisting death should not be pursued.

Age-based rationing of care

An adult who is fully able to connect and reach out in love is MOST like:

Ainsworth's securely attached infant.

What question would one ask a teen to BEST predict whether that teen has high self-esteem?

Are you attractive?

_____ is defined by deficits in theory of mind.

Autism spectrum disorder

Statistically, who is likely to live the longest?

Beatrice, a White American affluent retiree

Pick the major criticism of Piaget's theory.

Infants understand far more than Piaget gave them credit for.

_____ ADL impairments involve difficulty with tasks such as cooking or cleaning; _____ ADL impairments involve trouble with self-care activities such as standing or dressing.

Instrumental; basic

This country views marriage as the only acceptable life path.

Iran

Which of the following is NOT an argument made against legalizing active euthanasia?

It is too expensive.

Rhashan, a three-year-old, is continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning that he has to work for what he wants. Pick Erikson's psychosocial stages for each boy.

Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry

The major difference between active versus passive euthanasia lies in:

acting to help a person die versus letting a person die naturally.

Physician-assisted suicide is a type of:

active euthanasia.

Which life stage didn't really exist until the twentieth century?

adolescence

Two specific areas in human development include _____ and _____.

adult development; gerontology

During and after puberty:

boys become much stronger than girls.

Ellen is within 15 pounds of her ideal body weight, yet she constantly worries about becoming obese. Usually, she eats a reasonable diet. When her self-control falters, she binge-eats, indulging herself in a dozen donuts at one sitting. She makes up for these lapses by forcing herself to regurgitate the food. Ellen probably suffers from:

bulimia nervosa.

Children who bully others, get bullied, and then bully others again are:

bully-victims.

Internalizing and externalizing problems:

cause social difficulties around the world.

Erikson noticed that many severely troubled teens were emotionally unable to make the transition to adult life. They suffered from what Erikson called role:

confusion

This trait indicates reliability and self-control.

conscientiousness

Low-income people are more likely to _____ than the affluent.

engage in high-risk behaviors

Disruptive and aggressive behavior in children may indicate:

externalizing tendencies.

Age discrimination at work is:

illegal but probably common.

According to Holland, the six personality types are:

investigative, artistic, social, entrepreneurial, conventional, and realistic.

Sean is 82. Developmentalists classify Sean as:

old-old

_____ is the ability to observe one's abilities and actions from an outside frame of reference and to reflect on one's inner state.

self-awareness

The fact that at each higher rank on the social status ladder people live longer and healthier lives is called the:

socioeconomic health gap.

Many elderly people want to "age in place," which means they want to:

stay in their own home.

This is G. Stanley Hall's phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk-taking tendencies that characterize adolescence.

storm and stress

All of the following are good strategies for helping children cope with divorce EXCEPT:

striving for joint custody in all cases.

What programs one's first sexual feelings?

the adrenal androgens

Roughly 1 in _____ of those between 25 and 34 without a college education were unemployed in 2013.

10

What percentage of children are subjected to chronic harassment?

10-20 percent

A baby's first word usually appears by _____ months of age.

11

What is the current average age of first sexual intercourse for adolescent girls and boys in the United States?

17.8 for girls and 18 for boys

In what year did Charles Darwin publish an article based on the development of his child during their first year of life?

1877

When was the first institute in the United States devoted to studying child development established?

1890s

Adolescence became a distinct stage of development during the:

1930s

If Beatrice was the first person in her family to attend high school, she was MOST likely a teenager during the late:

1930s

_____ U.S. teenagers enroll in college after high school.

2 in 3

More than half of college graduates owe about $_____ or more in student loans.

20,000

_____ percent of children live under the poverty line.

22

About 1 in _____ married couples in the United States met each other on line.

3

By _____ months of age, infants show preference for human speech.

3

Recent data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture indicate that approximately 1 in _____ households in the United States with children can be categorized as food insecure.

6

_____ percent of deaths in the United States occur among those over age 65.

75

About 1 in _____ adolescents have engaged in sexual intercourse by the age of 15.

8

By _____ months of age infants lose their ability to hear sound tones in languages not their own.

8

_____ is the main factor fueling the childhood obesity epidemic.

A lack of physical activity

Since she watches _____, one can predict that Catalina, a 15-year-old Latina girl, will be less vulnerable to body-image issues.

Black-oriented TV shows

Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school?

Children can realistically compare their abilities to their peers.

The one child policy of _____ has left the elderly unsure of what will happen to them when they need help.

China

_____ proposed the stage theory of dying.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

Who is likely to become sexually active at the youngest age?

Franklin, a low-SES Black male

Which of these countries has the BEST government-funded retirement program?

Germany

_____ is the number of years people can expect to live without ADL problems.

Healthy-life years

Christina is trying to potty train her 15-month-old daughter but it isn't going well. Why might this be the case?

Her frontal lobe is not developed.

The _____ people put special blue shoes on the deceased for their journey to the next world.

Hmong

Which of the following is NOT a career-search tip recommended in the text?

It's best to go directly to college, even if academics are not your thing.

_____ devised four identity statuses.

Marcia

Which of the following statements is NOT a criticism of Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying?

Nobody wants to talk about his or her impending death.

_____ interventions are designed NOT to cure illnesses but to promote a dignified death.

Palliative care

Which of the following statements about eating disorders is false?

People never outgrow these problems.

Which statement is false?ch 8

Rates of teenage sexual intercourse are at an all-time high.

_____ are thick, bullet-like amyloid-laden structures that replace normal neurons and are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease.

Senile plaques

Which of the following is NOT an intervention for age-related hearing losses?

Speak more loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation.

_____ indicates a steady rise in overall performance on IQ tests that has been occurring around the world during the past century.

The Flynn effect

Statistically, which statement is true? ch 13

The elderly think more positively about life than do younger adults.

What is a major reason for the declining fertility rates in industrialized countries?

The transition to adulthood takes longer than it used to.

Which statement about typical nursing home residents is false?

They are often wealthy.

Which statement about people in satisfying relationships is false?

They pick partners who differ strongly in values and goals.

Which statement about friends is false?

They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures.

Which statement is true?

Women are more physiologically "hardy" than men.

Which statement about women's career paths is false?

Women have more continuous careers than men.

In a living will:

a mentally competent person gives instructions about his or her wishes for life-prolonging strategies if he or she is incapable of making those wishes known.

Jonah has a loving relationship with his wife of 20 years. Jonah probably has all of these qualities EXCEPT:

a tendency to take negative comments personally.

Which is NOT a feature of anorexia nervosa?

a total obsession with health

The brain is called "plastic" because it is:

able to be changed

The final step in the stage theory of dying is:

acceptance

William is 24 years old. After working in his father's construction business, he held a management position at a Home Depot. After working with some friends who had their own companies, he wants to start his own construction company. In terms of identity statuses, William is MOST likely identity:

achieved

_____ is cultural ideas about the appropriate ages for engaging in particular activities or life tasks.

age norms

The controversial idea that society should NOT use costly life-sustaining technologies on old-old people is called:

age-based rationing of care.

Who is LEAST likely to be influenced by the media's thin ideal?

an African American girl who does not identify with mainstream Western ideas about beauty

Four-year-old Azariah believes that his stuffed animal understands what he says. In Piagetian terms, Azariah is showing:

animism

According to research, MOST of today's teens:

are comfortable deciding their own sexual path.

Abstinence-focused sex education programs in the United States:

are not very effective.

The MOST common chronic age-related illness in the United States is:

arthritis

Which term refers to young children's belief that everything in nature was created by humans?

artificialism

In the twenty-first century, the traditional stable career is:

atypical

Adolescents use _____ memories to construct an identity.

autobiographical

_____ memories refer to the ability to understand one has a life history or recall past experiences or events.

autobiographical

Palliative care services in the United States are:

available in some major medical centers.

At birth, a person's fifty-fifty chance of living to a given age is called the:

average life expectancy

John has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that John feels:

bad for Tom, without feeling his intense distress.

During the transition to parenthood the majority of couples:

become less happy with one another.

Girls tend to _____ after puberty.

become stronger

Which of the following is a normative transition?

becoming parents

__ is a field devoted to scientifically determining the role that hereditary forces play in determining individual differences.

behavioral genetics

Bulimia involves which of the following?

binging and purging

Research has shown that having a _____ background can push people to think in more creative, complex ways about life.

biracial

The world portrays motherhood as:

blissful and unrealistically positive.

Georgio changes jobs after about 4 years in each position. Georgio has a(n) _____ career path.

boundaryless

The infant motor milestones are lifting one's head, pivoting the upper body, sitting, and standing. They follow which developmental sequence?

cephalocaudal

Three-year-old children typically have relatively large heads, while six-year-old children have relatively longer, thin bodies. This age difference in physical appearance reveals the _____ principle.

cephalocaudal

The outer, furrowed mantle of the brain is called the:

cerebral cortex

The roots of this study come from childhood and adolescent development.

child development

Primary circular reactions are centered on the _____, while secondary circular reactions are centered on the _____.

child's body; external world

Lifespan development began as the study of:

childhood and adolescence.

Grace suffers from a long-term age-related illness that requires ongoing management. Grace has a:

chronic disease

If a couple has children and breaks up, the divorce can be a _____ in women's lives.

chronic stressor

When women work, they spend less time:

cleaning the house and being with their spouse.

Research found that caring social connections are important to the aging process and may help explain the Hispanic paradox. This research indicated that _____ are connected to longevity.

close relationships

The core quality essential for relationship success is:

commitment

According to the triangular theory of love, when a couple has passion, intimacy, and commitment, that couple has _____ love.

consummate

Girls' play often involves:

cooperating and collaborating in small groups.

Dr. Thomas and his colleagues want to study the effects of spanking on child temperament. As Dr. Thomas cannot randomly assign children to either be spanked or not; he must conduct a(n) _____ study.

correlational

A major drawback to the U.S. housing alternatives that prevent nursing home admission is their:

cost

This is aggressive behavior that is repeatedly carried out via electronic media and is potentially more harmful than traditional bullying.

cyberbullying

The longitudinal study conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) on Early Child Care found that:

day care did not weaken the attachment bond to caregivers.

A(n) _____ is for ADL-impaired older people who live with their families but need care while the caregivers are at work.

day-care program

The combination of passion, commitment, and intimacy, which is called consummate love, tends to _____ over time.

decline

Claire has just recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She can expect to:

decline gradually over years.

Juanita just received a diagnosis of lung cancer. Her immediate reaction, according to the stage theory of dying, is likely to be:

denial

Kübler-Ross's stage theory follows which order?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Alternatives to institutionalization is the label for services and settings:

designed to keep people with age-related disabilities from entering nursing homes if they don't need 24-hour care.

Which action describes a person using selective optimization with compensation?

do not try to remember irrelevant information

A(n) _____ provides emotional and physical support during a woman's labor without performing actual health-care tasks such as delivery or exams.

doula

Girls become MOST self-conscious about their developing bodies:

during puberty

Research found that high school graduates had shorter telomeres than those who attended college, especially among Black men. This demonstrates that:

education can directly affect the aging process.

The time during prenatal development when the major body structures form is the _____ stage.

embryonic

_____ is the new life stage that goes from high school graduation until the late twenties.

emerging adulthood

Today in Western society, people usually:

encourage people to document their wishes for a dignified death.

Juan is a medical student who is visiting terminally ill patients in hospice. This is part of his:

end-of-life care instruction.

During the delivery of her baby, Natasha's nurse recommended she consider a(n) _____, which involves injecting a painkilling medication into a space outside the spinal cord to numb her body below the waist.

epidural

In the memory systems perspective, the three types of memory are procedural, semantic, and:

episodic

_____ psychologists predict that family stress evokes a younger puberty timetable, as it would enable a person to "leave the nest" sooner.

evolutionary

Dr. Styler studies universal human tendencies, speculating that these are biological predispositions that promote survival. Dr. Styler is a(n):

evolutionary psychologist

Dying trajectories are:

expectations set by the hospital staff that a patient will die at a certain time.

In order to determine if a given treatment causes something to happen, a researcher needs to conduct a(n):

experiment

Five-year-old Brenda is often loud, rude, aggressive, and disruptive. She probably has _____ tendencies.

externalizing

Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.

externalizing tendencies

Work that is motivated by reinforcers such as prestige or a high salary is performed for _____ rewards.

extrinsic career

Work that provides fulfillment and allows a worker to satisfy his or her needs for creativity and autonomy has _____ rewards.

extrinsic career

The _____ task has been used by developmentalists to demonstrate theory of mind.

false-belief

For MOST of human history, death was:

familiar, predictable, and normal.

Which of the following environmental factors is NOT tied to an earlier onset of puberty?

family size

In contemporary society, who is expected to take the MOST responsibility for a child's care?

females

One reason for recent increases in the median age of the population in the developed world is declining:

fertility rates

Pick the preventable, non-genetic birth defect.

fetal alcohol syndrome

The talents involved in drawing or writing letters are _____ skills.

fine motor

Mike is five years old and loves to draw. His kindergarten teacher loves to collect his art work and believes that he has a very special gift. His ability for art represents:

fine motor skills

Longitudinal research suggests widowed people:

first turn to family and later reach out to friends for support.

Selective attention refers to a person's ability to:

focus only on relevant information.

Karl says that he plans to work in his father's plumbing business, as his father told him he must follow that career. Karl's identity status is:

foreclosure

The United States ranks _____ in infant mortality rates.

forty-sixth

Due to advances in _____, people can now find out whether they carry the genes for certain illnesses.

genetic testing

Tyrell disregards his academic failures and blames others for his problems. Tyrell's teachers should:

gently provide accurate feedback about his failures.

The talents involved in running, jumping, and climbing are _____ skills.

gross motor

After a person grows familiar with an event, he or she is less interested in that stimulus. The name for this principle is:

habituation

During puberty, the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trend reverses, meaning that the:

hands, feet, and legs mature before the trunk and head.

The cephalocaudal principle of development refers to the fact that prenatal development proceeds from:

head to foot (top to bottom)

When a child's death becomes imminent, it's BEST to have parents:

help participate in the hands-on care.

The term for the degree to which a behavior is shaped by genetic forces is:

heritability

Nine-year-old Nanette realizes that she is not a scholar, but she is a star athlete, which is the life domain she really cares about. Nanette MOST likely has:

high self-esteem

Boys' play is defined by:

high-energy competition and the effort to establish dominance in large groups.

Testosterone is produced:

in both boys and girls.

Choose the set of influences that helped to promote emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage.

increased longevity, the need for more education, and social changes

In the United States, the number of children born outside of marriage has _____ between 1970 and today.

increased significantly

A culture that emphasizes independence, competition, and personal success is called:

individualistic

"Imagine how hurt you would feel if your friend treated you that way." This type of child-rearing intervention is called:

induction

According to Erikson, preschoolers face the challenge of:

initiative versus guilt.

According to Vygotsky, thinking is a form of:

inner speech

Teens who are considered at-risk tend to have this type of attachment to their caregivers.

insecure

Which of the following qualities is found in young adults with eating disorders?

insecure attachment

Amniocentesis involves:

inserting a syringe into the uterus and extracting a sample of amniotic fluid.

Carrie's mother has the symptoms of early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Carrie should do all of these things EXCEPT:

insist on a brain scan to check her mother's neurons.

Mrs. Taylor is having trouble with everyday household tasks such as cooking. Mrs. Taylor has:

instrumental ADL problems.

Yolanda has always been a great cook, but now at the age of 90, she is unable to cook for herself. She can still walk and dress herself. Yolanda has a problem with:

instrumental ADLs

James and his identical twin brother Henry were raised by different parents. If James and Henry met as adults, they would tend to be MOST similar in:

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Children who are excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed may have _____ tendencies.

internalizing

John is seven years old and does NOT like new social situations. Every time he and his mother are in a new situation he stays next to his mother and has even hid behind her. He is demonstrating _____ tendencies.

internalizing

Vincent enjoys playing the guitar and practices for hours at a time. Practicing is a very pleasurable activity for him, and he does not do so for any kind of tangible reward. Vincent is _____ motivated to play the guitar.

intrinsically

early walking:

is unrelated to intelligence.

Low-income individuals often have trouble marrying because:

it's hard to find a mate with a secure job.

What is the main advantage of a traditional stable career?

job security

This gives humans the ability to engage in social cognition.

language

Pruning in the frontal lobes starts _____ in other brain regions.

later than

Parenthood tends to produce traditional marital roles, which can:

lead to conflicts related to marital equity.

Children with internalizing tendencies are more likely to develop:

learned helplessness

All of the following are current U.S. dating trends EXCEPT:

less interest in having romantic relationships.

As a brainy elementary school kid, Amanda may become _____ during high school if she attends a large public high school.

less self-confident

Statistically speaking, full-time working women typically earn _____ full-time working men.

less than

Compared to White girls, African American girls are _____ the media messages that stress being thin.

less vulnerable to

Margaret has been diagnosed with breast cancer in its early stage. If she dies as a result of this cancer, which dying pathway will it take?

long and erratic

The main cause of older people's slowness is:

longer reaction times.

The type of developmental research that tests an age group repeatedly over many years is called a(n) _____ study.

longitudinal

In national surveys, mothers of young children report _____ day-to-day happiness compared to women who are NOT parents or empty-nesters.

lower

Synaptogenesis refers to the process of:

making billions of connections between neurons.

A hospice worker would be committed to all the following behaviors EXCEPT:

making sure patients stay in the hospital during their final days.

_____ admit to having a favorite child.

many mothers

Before the twentieth century:

maternal and infant mortality was high.

If a person's father had Alzheimer's disease in his sixties, that child:

may have the APOE-4 marker and a higher risk of getting the illness.

Living wills:

may not be carried out since they are often vague

Understanding the need to do something different to achieve a goal is called:

means-end behavior

This moved death to the end of the lifespan.

medical science

The dying trajectory refers to:

medical staff's assumptions about the likely pathway to death for a seriously ill patient.

_____ only pays for services that are defined as cure-oriented.

medicare

_____, the U.S. government-run health care system for the elderly, pays only for services designated as cure-oriented.

medicare

The main index that researchers use to measure the secular trend in puberty is when:

menarche occurs.

Steffie is actively trying out various life paths. What is her identity status?

moratorium

_____ is an identity status in which the person actively searches out various possibilities to find a truly solid adult life path.

moratorium

At conception, there are 20 percent _____ males than females; at birth, there are five percent _____ males than females.

more; more

The mean length of utterance refers to the number of _____ in a sentence.

morphemes

The meaning units of a language are its:

morphemes

Who tends to get blamed for how children turn out?

mothers

Often women exit the workforce or work part time because they:

must care for elderly parents.

The cylindrical structure that will eventually develop into the brain is called the:

neural tube

_____ is the term for any illness that produces serious, progressive, usually irreversible cognitive decline.

neurocognitive disorder

Cutting, burning, or purposely injuring one's body to cope with stress is:

nonsuicidal self-injury

The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:

occupational segregation.

Scandinavian adults view marriage as:

one of several acceptable alternatives.

Being "on time" in one's social clock means that:

one's life milestones match the normal adult developmental timetable for the culture.

Less than _____ U.S. families are considered to be traditional, nuclear families.

one-half of

Females are more susceptible to _____ than men.

osteoporosis

When three-year-old Edward's dad asked his son what he had done that day, Edward replied, "I sawed two deer outside and goed to see them." These classic language mistakes are called:

overregularization

Nolan, a 10-year-old, is the envy of his classmates because he doesn't have a set bedtime and is free to stay up as late as he wants. Nolan is a well-adjusted child who feels that his parents love him. Based on this description, his parents are MOST likely:

permissive

A child's first words are often "da da" or "ma ma." These sound units that convey meaning are:

phonemes

By randomly assigning people to different conditions in an experiment, a researcher ensures that:

pre-existing differences between the participants "wash out."

Which adult attachment style is defined by excessive jealousy, clinginess, and neediness?

preoccupied/ambivalent

Five-year-old Casey believes that a drinking glass now holds more juice simply because it was poured into a taller glass. Casey is in Piaget's _____ stage of development.

preoperational

Obesity rates among U.S. elementary children have:

quadrupled in the last 30 years.

Which of the following is NOT a reason the United States ranks poorly in infant mortality rates?

race of the mother

In the United States, the occurrence of stunting and undernutrition is:

rare

Until the 1960s, dying in the United States was:

rarely discussed

The Great _____ highlighted the problem of income inequality.

recession of 2008

Which environmental intervention is helpful in relieving the symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

regular recess breaks

_____ children land in the disliked category often and never appear in the preferred list. They also stand out amongst their classmates in a negative way.

rejected

Teens want more information about _____ in sex education classes.

relationships

Which of the following is NOT a predictor for engaging in intercourse at an early age?

religious affiliation

Children who have experienced abuse often have memory failure when it comes to their autobiographical memories. Freud would call this:

repression

An important disadvantage of longitudinal studies is that they:

require a lot of time and money

Couples in this form of love are passionate and know each other very well but have NOT made a lifelong commitment to the relationship.

romantic love

This occurs when a young person is unable to decide between different identities.

ruminative moratorium

Tamika felt humiliated when her teacher yelled at her in front of the class. Jebron felt terrible about insulting his younger brother. Tamika experienced _____, while Jebron felt _____.

shame; guilt

The social clock refers to:

shared age norms about what is "appropriate" to do at a given age.

Life in the Middle Ages was _____, and death was often due to _____.

short; infectious disease

Steven just died in a car accident. Which dying pathway is this an example of?

sudden death

Scaffolding involves:

tailoring teaching to a student's level.

_____ stresses that death is a natural process.

the hospice movement

Fifteen-year-old Evelyn believes that everyone is watching and evaluating everything she does. In Elkind's framework, her hypersensitivity to what others think is called:

the imaginary audience.

Which physical capacity begins to decline the earliest in human beings?

the lungs

An experiment conducted with children who had been living in Romanian orphanages revealed that _____ could develop a secure attachment.

the majority of children who had spent 20 months or less in the orphanage

The 1960s "Decade of Protest" included:

the sexual revolution and the civil rights movement

If a person is laid off or unemployed, that person is more likely to be depressed if:

the society views the unemployed as failures.

Health care professionals date the pregnancy from:

the woman's last menstrual cycle

When Piaget said that children progress through qualitatively different stages of intellectual development, he meant that:

there are fundamental differences in how children of different ages reason.

Which statement about low-income pregnant women is false?

they have heavier-than-average babies at birth

A preterm baby is one born more than:

three weeks early

Vocabularies can be expected to continue to grow:

throughout the lifespan

For contemporary U.S. parents, the MOST popular discipline strategy is:

time-out or removal of privileges.

Which of the following is NOT a normal, age-related change in vision?

trouble seeing in sunlight

Collaborative pretend play involves _____, and develops around age _____.

two children fantasizing together; 4

Age-related reaction time losses are _____ and begin _____.

universal; at a fairly young age

Who is the typical bullying target?

unpopular children

The phase of Murstein's mate-selection theory that involves dating to see if a potential mate matches one's qualities and traits is called the _____ phase.

value-comparison

The risk of getting a neurocognitive disorder by 65 is:

very small for both genders.

During early childhood, the neurons in the visual and motor cortices are in their pruning phase, which explains why _____ develops so quickly.

vision

Which factor does NOT influence the extent of a dad's hands-on care of children?

whether he is upper middle class

Which factor has NO effect on a child's attachment security at age one?

whether the primary caregiver is a mom or dad

When asked why Jorge likes his friend Victor, he replies, "because we both love playing with swords." These boys are probably _____ children because they describe their friendships in terms of _____ qualities.

younger; external