Chapter Seven Review + Quiz Questions

Match the description below with the correct term: describing a muscle developing tension while lengthening 1. flexibility 2. hypermobility 3. hypomobility 4. concentric 5. eccentric

5. eccentric

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration? Concentric Eccentric Isotonic Isometric

Concentric

During a squat, the lowering phase would be described as what type of muscle action? Concentric Eccentric Isometric Isokinetic

Eccentric

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw? Second class First class Third class Fourth class

First class

Match the description below with the correct anatomic location: relatively closer to the middle of the body a. medial b. contralateral c. posterior d. inferior

a. medial

Match the definition below with the correct term: how to human movement system responds to internal and external stimuli a. motor behavior b. motor control c. motor learning d. motor development

a. motor behavior

True of False: The primary characteristic of closed-chain movements is that the distal segments, such as the person's hands or feet, are not fixed and are able to move freely. a. True b. False

b. False

Match the description below with the correct anatomic location: on opposite side of the body a. medial b. contralateral c. posterior d. inferior

b. contralateral

What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback? Proprioception Motivation Knowledge of results Knowledge of performance

Proprioception

What type of input may provide a runner with a cue to contract the evertor muscles to avoid an inversion injury? Proprioception External feedback Force velocity Stretch-shortening cycle

Proprioception

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat? Gluteus medius Adductor longus Biceps brachii Quadriceps

Quadriceps

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists? Muscle imbalance Length-tension relationship Reciprocal inhibition Stretch-shortening cycle

Reciprocal inhibition

What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together? Scapular depression Scapular elevation Scapular retraction Scapular protraction

Scapular retraction

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula? Rotator cuff muscles Rhomboids Serratus anterior Deltoid

Serratus anterior

What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction? Altered reciprocal inhibition Reciprocal inhibition Series elastic component Stretch-shortening cycle

Stretch-shortening cycle

What is the anatomical term that describes something positioned above an identified reference point? Anterior Posterior Inferior Superior

Superior

Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion? Agonist Stabilizer Antagonist Synergist

Synergist

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase? Axial Frontal Sagittal Transverse

Transverse

In what plane of movement do shoulder horizontal adduction and abduction occur? Dorsal Sagittal Transverse Frontal

Transverse

Improved performance during a plyometric jump is dependent upon which of the following? Prolonged amortization phase Release of stored energy during concentric phase Absent stretch reflex Rapid amortization phase

Rapid amortization phase

One of the most important concepts in motor control is that muscles are recruited by the nervous system in groups. What are these groups called? a. myofibrils b. subsystems c. muscle synergies d. local muscular systems

c. muscle synergies

Match the description below with the correct anatomic location: on or toward the back of the body a. medial b. contralateral c. posterior d. inferior

c. posterior

Match the following definition with a term from the list below: contact isometrically to support and stabilize the joints a. agonist b. synergist c. stabilizer d. antagonist

c. stabilizer

What concept described how the function of one segment of the body can impact other areas? a. imaginary plane theory b. all-or nothing principle c. force-couple relationship d. regional interdependence model

d. regional interdependence model

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Hamstrings and erector spinae Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations? Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch Posterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch Anterior tilting of the pelvis and a decreased low-back arch Posterior tilting of the pelvis and a decreased low-back arch

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action? As the contraction velocity decreases, the force remains constant. As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases. As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force decreases. As the contraction velocity decreases, the ability to develop force increases.

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups? Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators Hamstrings and erector spinae Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Hamstrings and erector spinae

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane? Hip abductors Hip extensors Hip flexors Hip internal rotators

Hip abductors

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded? Increased catabolic hormone stimulation Decreased catabolic hormone stimulation Increased anabolic hormone stimulation Decreased anabolic hormone stimulation

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant? Isokinetic Eccentric Concentric Isometric

Isokinetic

What term is used to describe muscle tension that is created without a change in muscle length and no visible movement of the joint? Isokinetic Concentric Eccentric Isometric

Isometric

In order to optimally load muscle during the eccentric phase, the fitness professional should recommend which of the following? Reduce the resistance so it is less than it was in the concentric phase, and lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension Reduce the resistance so it is less than it was in the concentric phase, and lower the weight faster to reduce time under tension Lower the weight faster to reduce time under tension

Lower the weight more slowly to increase time under tension

What anatomical term is used to describe something that is relatively closer to the midline of the body? Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial

Medial

What is the most accurate description of motor control? The cumulative changes in motor behavior over time, throughout the life span The integration of motor control processes through practice The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements The motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

Which of the following examples describes a muscle that is functioning as an antagonist? The transversus abdominus being active during hip extension The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension The serratus anterior being active during shoulder flexion The infraspinatus being active during shoulder external rotation

The biceps brachii being active during elbow extension

How should an eccentric muscle action be described? The development of muscle tension during shortening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension without shortening or lengthening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension at a fixed speed during both shortening and lengthening of the contractile tissue The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue

The development of muscle tension during lengthening of the contractile tissue

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described? The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading The transition between the isometric and eccentric phases The transition between the concentric and isometric phases The transition from concentric loading to eccentric unloading

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever? Fourth class Third class First class Second class

Third class

The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups? Adductors (inner thigh) and hip external rotators Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus Hamstrings and erector spinae Adductors (inner thigh) and contralateral quadratus lumborum

Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus

What measurement is dependent upon the length of the lever arm and the angle between the force application and the lever arm? Torque Force velocity Arthrokinematics Force

Torque

Match the definition below with the correct term: when an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen a. altered length-tension relationship b. reciprocal inhibition c. altered reciprocal inhibition d. muscle imbalance

b. reciprocal inhibition

What is the imaginary line that bisects the body into right and left sides? a. frontal plane b. sagittal plane c. coronal plane d. transverse plane

b. sagittal plane

Match the following definition with a term from the list below: create forces to assist prime movers but are not intended as the primary force producer a. agonist b. synergist c. stabilizer d. antagonist

b. synergist

Match the following definition with the correct term: flexion occurring at the ankle 1. dorsiflexion 2. plantar flexion 3. eversion 4. abduction 5. adduction

1. dorsiflexion

Match the description below with the correct term: normal extensibility of soft tissues that allow for full ROM 1. flexibility 2. hypermobility 3. hypomobility 4. concentric 5. eccentric

1. flexibility

Match the description below with the correct term: a joint having more range of motion than it should 1. flexibility 2. hypermobility 3. hypomobility 4. concentric 5. eccentric

2. hypermobility

Match the following definition with the correct term: extension occurring at the ankle 1. dorsiflexion 2. plantar flexion 3. eversion 4. abduction 5. adduction

2. plantar flexion

Match the following definition with the correct term: movement where the heel bone moves laterally 1. dorsiflexion 2. plantar flexion 3. eversion 4. abduction 5. adduction

3. eversion

Match the description below with the correct term: when ROM of a joint is limited 1. flexibility 2. hypermobility 3. hypomobility 4. concentric 5. eccentric

3. hypomobility

Match the following definition with the correct term: movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body 1. dorsiflexion 2. plantar flexion 3. eversion 4. abduction 5. adduction

4. abduction

Match the description below with the correct term: a muscle action resulting in the shortening of a muscle 1. flexibility 2. hypermobility 3. hypomobility 4. concentric 5. eccentric

4. concentric

Match the following definition with the correct term: movement in frontal plane back toward the midline of the body 1. dorsiflexion 2. plantar flexion 3. eversion 4. abduction 5. adduction

5. adduction

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described? A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is created without a change in length and no visible movement of the joint A contraction that occurs when muscle tension is developed and movement occurs through a given range of motion at a speed that may vary A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted A contraction that occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way? Posterior Osteokinematic Anterior Arthrokinematic

Arthrokinematic

Which of the following force couples is accurately linked to the movement created by their combined action? The gastrocnemius and soleus functioning to create ankle dorsiflexion Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation Deltoid and rotator cuff functioning to create shoulder adduction Upper trapezius and serratus anterior functioning to create downward rotation of the scapula

Internal and external obliques functioning to create trunk rotation

Match the following definition with a term from the list below: muscles that act as the prime movers for a joint motion a. agonist b. synergist c. stabilizer d. antagonist

a. agonist

Match the definition below with the correct term: when a muscle's resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce a. altered length-tension relationship b. reciprocal inhibition c. altered reciprocal inhibition d. muscle imbalance

a. altered length-tension relationship

What are the three overarching types of muscle actions? a. eccentric, isotonic, isometric b. isotonic, isometric, isokinetic c. concentric, eccentric, isometric d. concentric, isokinetic, isometric

b. isotonic, isometric, isokinetic

Match the definition below with the correct term: how the central nervous system integrates internal & external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response a. motor behavior b. motor control c. motor learning d. motor development

b. motor control

Match the definition below with the correct term: how repeated practice and experience of motor control processes leads to a relatively permanent change in skilled motor behavior a. motor behavior b. motor control c. motor learning d. motor development

c. motor learning

Match the definition below with the correct term: when an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neutral drive to its functional antagonist a. altered length-tension relationship b. reciprocal inhibition c. altered reciprocal inhibition d. muscle imbalance

c. altered reciprocal inhibition

The muscles of the lower leg, hamstrings, and low back region make up which of the following global muscular subsystems? a. lateral subsystem (LS) b. anterior oblique subsystem (AOS) c. deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS) d. posterior oblique subsystem (POS)

c. deep longitudinal subsystem (DLS)

Match the following definition with a term from the list below: perform the opposite action of the prime mover a. agonist b. synergist c. stabilizer d. antagonist

d. antagonist

Match the description below with the correct anatomic location: below an identified reference point a. medial b. contralateral c. posterior d. inferior

d. inferior

Match the definition below with the correct term: how skilled motor behavior changes over time throughout the lifespan a. motor behavior b. motor control c. motor learning d. motor development

d. motor development

Match the definition below with the correct term: when muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships a. altered length-tension relationship b. reciprocal inhibition c. altered reciprocal inhibition d. muscle imbalance

d. muscle imbalance

What does the term force refer to? a. the ability to move the body in one direction as fast as possible b. the ability of the nervous system to produce great strength in the shortest time c. the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce internal tension to overcome a load d. the ability of one entity to act on another entity, causing acceleration or deceleration

d. the ability of one entity to act on another entity, causing acceleration or deceleration