chapter ten study for exam 1

The endocrine system: A) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. B) is not involved in homeostasis. C) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. D)releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

D) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is a) LH. b) FSH. c) GH. d)ACTH. e) TSH.

a) LH

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce a) corticosteroids. b) insulin. c) ADH. d) epinephrine. e) parathyroid hormone.

a) corticosteroids.

The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues is a) erythropoietin. b) renin. c) epinephrine. d) cortisol. e) angiotensin.

a) erythropoietin.

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the): a) anterior pituitary. b)kidneys. c) pancreas. d)hypothalamus. e) adipose tissue.

adipose tissue.

what are the three things that a hormone can be made of?

amino acid derivatives peptides or small proteins lipids

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is a) androgen. b) epinephrine. c) aldosterone. d) cortisol. e) insulin.

b) epinephrine.

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, a) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. b) the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA. c) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. d) the cell becomes inactive. e)the plasma membrane becomes depolarized.

c) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is a) aldosterone. b) thymosin. c) cortisol. d) gonadotropin. e) epinephrine.

c) cortisol.

what factors are involved/activated with plasma membrane receptors?

g proteins cAMP adenylate cyclase

what is affected by cytoplasmic/nuclear receptors?

mitochondrial production of ATP mRNA transcription

what are the two ways that a hormone activates a target cell?

nuclear receptors and plasma membrane receptors

Aldosterone is the principal a) mineralocorticoid. b) glucocorticoid. c) thyroid hormone. d) pancreatic hormone. e) androgen.

a) mineralocorticoid.

which gland is affected by this nervous system control and to secrete what hormone?

adrenal gland and epinephrine

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? a) insulin b) growth hormone c) thyroxine d) prolactin e) follicle-stimulating hormone

e) follicle-stimulating hormone

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is a) cortisol. b) parathyroid hormone. c) growth hormone. d) thymosin. e) vasopressin.

e) vasopressin.

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is: a) thyroid hormone. b) calcitonin. c)parathyroid hormone. d) glucagon. e) oxytocin.

c)parathyroid hormone.

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? a) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division. b) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. c) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. d) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. e) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH.

d) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.

During the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), there is a) increased urine production. b) decreased mental alertness. c) decreased respiratory rate. d) mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves. e) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin.

d) mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves.

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called: a) synergistic hormones. b)permissive hormones. c) stimulating hormones. d) regulating hormones. e) releasing hormones.

e) releasing hormones.

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called: G-proteins. target cells. first messengers. exocrine cells. second messengers.

target cells

Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? a) atrial natriuretic peptide b) glucagon c) aldosterone d) erythropoietin e) thymosin

a) atrial natriuretic peptide

Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol? a) increased levels of gonadotropins b) increased levels of MSH c) decreased availability of vitamin D3 d) inability to produce sufficient amounts of erythropoietin e) increased levels of thymosins

c) decreased availability of vitamin D3

The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in: a) increased rate of ATP generation. b) decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles. c) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver. d) increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues. e) increased rate of glucose utilization.

c) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver.

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by a) increased numbers of ADH receptors. b) increased levels of ADH. c) decreased levels of insulin. d) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. e) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

e) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require ________ for production. a) carbon b) phosphorus c) iron d) fluorine e) iodine

e) iodine

Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? a) cortisol b) estrogen c) thyroid hormones d) steroid hormones e) peptide hormones

e) peptide hormones

The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n) a) synergistic effect. b) antagonistic effect. c) integrative effect. d)opposing effect. e) permissive effect.

e) permissive effect.

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as a) diabetes mellitus. b) polyphagia. c) polymyositis. d) polydipsia. e) polyuria.

e) polyuria.

Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by: progesterone growth hormone. testosterone. thyroid hormone. mineralocorticoids.

progesterone.

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce a) parathyroid hormone. b) rennin. c) ADH. d) glucagon. e) insulin.

d) glucagon.

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of a) myosin kinase. b) steroids. c) phosphodiesterase. d) kinase enzymes. e) calcium ion channels.

d) kinase enzymes.

Regarding pancreatic hormones, a) parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation enhances it. b) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it. c) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation enhance insulin release. d) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation inhibit insulin release. e) sympathetic stimulation inhibits glucagon release.

b) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? a) parathyroid gland b) thyroid gland c) pituitary gland d) suprarenal gland e) thymus

b) thyroid gland

the target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are a) none of these. b)kidneys, bone, and digestive system. c) digestive system. d) kidney. e) bone.

b)kidneys, bone, and digestive system.

Insulin causes a) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. b) decreased amino acid absorption. c)increased blood glucose levels. d) decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells. e) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue.

a) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.

The hormone that dominates during the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is a)epinephrine. b)cortisol. c)aldosterone. d)thyroid hormone. e)testosterone.

a)epinephrine.