Chapters 1-7 Film

The code of continuity editing responsible for maintaining consistent screen direction is the

180 degree rule

What aspect ratio is often used for epics, westerns, and historical dramas?

2.35:1

Narrative Point of View in cinema is generally

2nd person, 3rd person and fluctuates wildly, varying from shot to shot

Which of the following is an element of film structure?

Cinematography, Visual Design, Sound, Editing Correct Response: All of the above

Which of the following is a typical expressive function of the long shot?

Correct Response: To stress environment or setting and show a character's position in relation to a given environment. To emphasize a character's facial expressions. To produce a smooth and steady image. All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT an characteristic of the Classical Hollywood Narrative?

Correct Response: implicit or weak causality. a main line of action with one or more subplots. resolution of all major plot issues (closure). a directional plot set in motion by a main character pursuing a central goal.

Which of the following films was shot on a real location that corresponded to the local of the story and that was transformed through production design in ways suited to the style and theme of the film?

Correct Response: Do the Right Thing Apocalypse Now Blade Runner Bram Stoker's Dracula

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas that the Production Designer typically supervises?

Correct answer: cinematography set design, costume design, props

Which of the following is NOT an element of mise-en-scene?

Correct response: sound

When a sound designer decides on the relative importance of different sounds within a scene (dialogue, music, effects, etc.), and manipulates the sounds accordingly, he or she is creating what?

A sound hierarchy

According to Prince, the production design of Stanley Kubrick's "2001: A Space Odyssey" differs radically from the production design of later science fictions films such as Ridley Scott's "Blade Runner" in what way(s)?

Blade Runner's production design emphasizes clutter and chaos, whereas 2001's emphasizes sterilty, order, and control.

Who was the very influential early film director responsible for such groundbreaking narrative films as Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolorance (1916)?

D.W. Griffith

What is the primary difference between dialogue and voice-over narration?

Dialogue is typically delivered by characters on screen (or within a scene), whereas voice-over narration is typically NOT delivered by a particular character from within the scene.

The editing technique in which one shot begins to fade out as the next shot begins to fade in, resulting in a momentary superimposition of the two shots, is known as what?

Dissolve

The credit "Production Designer" was first used in this film to acknowledge the tremendous impact of William Cameron Menzie's design sketches on the unifying visual strucutre of the film.

Gone with the Wind

The richly detailed and sumptuous costumes, sets, and props in the film "Titanic" were designed primarily to achieve what?

Historical accuracy and realism

Which of the following is true of the design concept for the film "Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King"?

It conveyed the illusion that the fanciful locations in the story appeared real and authentic. It used both digital effects and traditional tools of production design, such as hand-built sets, miniatures, costumes, props, etc.

What is meant by the term "out-of-continuity shooting"?

It refers to the fact that scenes are often filmed out of sequence, and not in the order in which they appear in the final film.

In the late 1960s, symphonic orchestral scoring for films fell out of style. What famous film composer helped re-establish this type of score in blockbuster Hollywood films such as Star Wars and E.T. in the 1970s and 1980s?

John Williams

Which of the following actors is most closely associated with method acting?

Marlon Brando

Some filmmakers prefer particular focal lengths. An example of a director who was well known for working with wide angle lenses is

Orson Welles

This term designates the way that narrative events are sequenced in a given film.

Plot

High-key lighting is closely associated with

Popular Hollywood musicals of the 1940s and 1950s, particularly those produced by MGM such as 'An American in Paris' and 'Singin' in the Rain'

The duration of the film, or the amount of time it takes the viewer to watch the film from beginning to end is called what?

Running time

Prince describes the sound in the opening sequence of Coppola's Apocalypse Now: "As he lies in his hotel, Willard imagines himself in the jungle. The soundtrack carries an audio representation of this inner fantasy. Sound Designer Walter Murch systematically replaced city sounds with a series of jungle sounds. Urban noises--a policeman's whistle, the engines of cars and motocycles--give way on the soundtrack to the squawk of jungle birds, the buzzing of insects, and the cries of monkeys." In addition to these sounds, the viewer hears the "whop-whop" of helicopter blades and the song "The End" by rock band The Doors. This editing of sounds into highly intricate and complex patterns that evoke emotion and meaning, is called what?

Sound Montage

The amount of time covered by the narrative is called what?

Story time

The term "depth of field" refers to what?

The amount of area from near to far that is in focus.

The term "aspect ratio" refers to

The dimensions of the screen image

Cinema has a dual capability: It corresponds with, and also transforms, the viewer's visual and social experience.

True

If the camera crosses the 180 degree line across a cut, the result will be

a change in relative screen direction

When a filmmaker employs a visual technique that consciously evokes or replicates the visual style of a previous filmmaker or tradition, we call this

a design quotation

Which of the following is NOT a basic element of narrative?

a fictional, rather than a factual, basis (that is, narratives are always fictional)

The ever-increasing prevalence of digital imaging in film production means that actors are increasingly required to do what?

act in the absence of elements that are later added in postproduction

The naturally occurring, generally low-level sound produced by an environment (e.g., wind in the trees, traffic in the city, the hum of flourescent lights in an office building) is known as:

ambient sound

Which camera angle is often used to make the world look off-kilter or to express a character's anxiety or disorientation?

canted

During the first 10 years of film exhibition, narrative films

co-existed with a vast amount of non-fiction film materials

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the film medium that complicates the actor's task?

correct answer: The presence of a live audience shooting out of continuity. amplification of gesture and expression by the camera and microphone. performing for the master shot, then recreating action for coverage.

The edit in the previous question (woman looks off screen, cut to man entering the room) clearly conveys to the viewer that the woman is looking at the man, that they occupy the same space even though we never see them together in a single shot. What is responsible for this assumption on the part of the viewer?

correct answer: all of the above The viewer's familiarity with the conventions of film editing. the viewer's schema. the Kuleshov effect.

Which of the following is NOT one of the typical functions of editing?

correct answer: creation of mise-en-scene creation of continuity creation of dramatic focus creation of tempo, rhythm, and mood creation of narration and point-of-view

Film sound serves what function(s)?

correct answer: all of the above It helps establish the setting (time and place). It adds emotional meaning and impact. It helps create continuity It can help emphasize climaxes

Which of the following is true of using real locations?

correct answer: all of the above The add to the realism of the film. They are often manipulated to adhere to the film's design concept. real locations in one region or country often double for those in another, primarily to save money.

The goal of continuity editing is to

correct answer: all of the above to ensure that action seems to flow smoothly across shot and scene transitions. to render the editing invisible to the viewer. to facilitate the viewer's narrative comprehension.

The famous shot in "Gone with the Wind" described in this chapter in which the camera moves up to a high-angle, extreme long shot to show a large group of wounded and dead soldiers at the railroad station is an example of a

crane, or boom

A common form of parallel editing in which the editor goes back and forth between two or more lines of action occurring simultaneously is called

cross cutting

The most commonly used editing transition is the

cut

The first indication of how a film will look comes from what stage in the production designer's work?

design sketches

In a sound hierarchy, filmmakers generally consider this type of sound to be the most important of the sound elements in a scene:

dialogue

The chief artistic authority of a film production generally resides with the

director

Imagine a shot of a man entering a building and entering an elevator. The elevator doors close, and the camera instantly cuts to the elevator doors on the 30th floor. The doors open and the man exits. From the point of view of the viewer, the elevator ride lasted only about a second or two, whereas in reality we know it would take several minutes. This would be an example of what type of editing?

elliptical editing

Off-screen sound can be used to do what?

extend the viewer's perception of visual space. create suspense, by suggesting the presence of some as yet unseen element.

Imagine a close up of a woman's face. She turns her head and looks to the right off-screen. We then get a cut to a shot of a man entering the room. This is called what?

eyeline match

The editing transition associated with the most substantial change in time or place in the story is the

fade

The primary responsibility of a costume designer is to ensure that all of the clothing and accesories worn by the actors are as authentic and as realistic as possible.

false

The direct, live recording of sound effects (for example, footsteps, keys jingling on a chain, the rustling sound of a coat being taken off by a character) performed by an artist in a sound studio, is called:

foley

Science fiction films that incorporate locales that are dirty and dimly illuminated, with rain- and smoke-filled air are often called

future-noir

The process by which an actor is filmed in front of a blank screen from which they can be extracted and inserted into a digitally animated environment is known as

greenscreening

A low-key lighting design will feature

high contrast between light and dark areas

Film noir is characterized by what visual elements?

high contrast lighting. fast fall-off. black and white film stock. Correct Response: all of the above

When actors move in precise accord with the constraints imposed by lighting and depth of field, we say they are

hitting the mark

A basic difference between the cinema and theater is

in the theater, viewers see the action from a single vantage point, whereas in film viewers see the action from a multitude of shifting perspectives created by camera movement

A "motif"

is any significant repeated element within a film. can contribute to a film's aesthetic coherence. can contribute to a film's unity. can be created by a visual or aural elements. Correct Response: all of the above

An alternative to continuity editing, which involves abruptly leaving out small portions of the action, is

jump cutting

The primary source of light in three-point lighting is

key light

Filmmakers often assign a bit of music as a kind of label to a character, place, idea, or emotion. For example, the word "Rosebud" in Citizen Kane is often accompanied by a short melody on the soundtrack. In Star Wars, whenever Darth Vadar enters the scene or his presence is implied, we hear a distinctive "Dum-dum-dum dum-ta-dum dum-ta-dum." What do we call these little music labels?

leitmotifs

In contrast to visual design, viewers tend to be _______________ sound design.

less aware of

If the light values change dramatically from shot to shot within a scene, this would likely be called an error of

lighting continuity

A shot, usually a medium long shot that shows an overall view of the set and the actors in it, that is filmed first, and that allows the performers to run through the entire action of a scene is known as what?

master shot

To facilitate continuity editing, the first shot of a scene that shows the spatial layout of the scene and all of the characters' position in relation to each other and the set is called a

master shot

Viewers typically use the information from this camera position to infer the overall layout of a room or set

master shot

A special painting added into a shot to represent a background or setting is a

matte

An actor who searches his or her own past personal expreriences for moments when a particular emotion was experienced and then attempts to reimagine the situations that led to that emotion and internally recreate them as the basis for a performance is known as what kind of actor?

method

The title sequence of a film, or music on the soundtrack that does not originate from a sound source within the world of story, are both examples of

non-diagetic material

Narration characterized by strict, external 3rd person point of view with no access to the characters' inner thoughts or perceptual point-of-view is known as what kind of narration?

objective

The camera's ability to show things in ways that differ from ordinary visual experience is called

perceptual transformation

To visually symbolize the thematic content of a scene on film, filmmakers often employ this type of lighting design:

pictorial

A light source on screen that is a working light for the camera, required for exposing the film, is called a

practical

In the film "The Graduate," the decision to dress Anne Bancroft in a leopard-print coat primarily illustrates what aspect of costume design?

providing commentary on or revealing aspects of the character

Light source simulation is a goal of this type of lighting design:

realistic

If the viewer knows only as much as the main character, we call this

restricted narration

Filmmaker Robert Altman (M*A*S*H, Nashville, The Player) used sound in his films in unconventional ways. What technique is closely associated with sound design?

rich, complex, multi-channel sound with overlapping dialogue

Continuity editing encourages the viewer to go beyond the information presented in a scene's shots to construct an overall mental picture of the layout of the scene. This comprehensive mental image is known as a

schema

The most common technique used to present a dialogue between two characters, in which the cutting alternates between opposing over-the-shoulder shots showing each character speaking in turn is known as what?

shot-reverse-shot

"Histrionic" performance style is most closely associated with

silent film

The technique whereby dialogue or a sound effect carries over across a shot, contributing to the viewer's perception of continuity of time and space, is known as

sound bridge

Sound designers manipulate sound to correspond to the properties of the physical space on screen and to the viewer's acoustic perception of space in everyday life. For example, if character, seen in a long shot, is speaking in a large, empty warehouse, the sound desinger will add reverb and echo effects to match the kind of reverberations one would expect to hear in such a place. These manipulations create what?

sound perspective

The first stage in the production of movie music is

spotting

A collective screen personality associated with a specific actor that emerges over the course of that actor's career is called what?

star persona

To suggest first-person point of view, a director might employ

subjective shot

An actor who approaches his or her character from a more detached intellectual perspective, and bases performance on imitating gestures and behavior patterns that seem appropriate for the scene is known as what kind of actor?

technical

The term "mise-en-scene" refers to

the design and manipulation of all the objects placed in front of the camera, including sets, costumes, light, color, and the actors' performances

What effect(s) has the development and widespread use of non-linear editing systems had on the editing of films today?

they have given the editor much more complex and instantaneous control over footage. they have resulted in much faster and more aggressive editing.

The renaissance painting technique used in matte painting that fools the eye into seeing three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface is known as

tromp l'oeil

The importance of an organizing visual design for a film, agreed upon by the director, cinematographer, and production designer, is to facilitate a unified mise-en-scene in which all of the elements--costumes, sets, lights, color, and performance--work together to advance the narrative and to represent mood and atmosphere on sceen and to evoke appropriate interpretive and emotional responses by the viewer.

true

Which type of lens creates the greatest depth of field?

wide angle

The editing technique by which one shot replaces another by way of a solid line traveling across the screen that seems to push on shot off to reveal another, is known as what?

wipe