Chapters 11-13

Although there are different mechanisms involved, clouds generally form when: Question options: A) water vapor is added by evaporation B) the air is lifted C) frost is formed D) air is warmed E) the greenhouse effect is at a maximum

B

As air in the upper atmosphere migrates toward the poles (which the Hadley Cell), it is forced back down to the Earth. At what approximate latitude does this occur? Question options: A) 10 degrees north and south latitude B) 30 degrees north and south latitude C) 50 degrees north and south latitude D) 60 degrees north and south latitude

B

If a parcel of hot air rises adiabatically, which of the following statements is false? Question options: A) The relative amount of oxygen remains the same. B) The total amount of heat in the parcel of air decreases. C) The pressure decreases. D) The relative humidity of the air increases. E) The temperature of the air decreases.

B

In the diagram below, a set of winds are labeled "A". What are these winds called? https://ecat.montana.edu/content/enforced1/402886-ERTH_101IN_001_201670/Chapter%2012%2C%20question%2055%20diagram.png?_&d2lSessionVal=aEuyMeHUelO7sUcqP4Up2ckYC A) Hadley Cell B) Westerly winds C) Polar easterly winds D) Easterly tradewinds

B

In the northern hemisphere, the wind circulation in a midlatitude cyclone is: Question options: A) Clockwise, spiraling inward. B) Counterclockwise, spiraling inward. C) Clockwise, spiraling outward. D) Counterclockwise, spiraling outward.

B

The North American Midwest winter has a lot of precipitation. The precipitation is due to: Question options: A) Orographic factors. B) The interaction of cold and warm air masses near the subpolar low. C) Friction of the air with rough surfaces. D) All of these.

B

The secondary atmosphere of the Earth was composed mainly of: A) argon B) volcanic gasses C) carbon dioxide and nitrogen D) nitrogen and oxygen

B

What is the Pressure Gradient Force? Question options: A) The force which directs winds to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere B) The force of air pressure resulting from the change in air pressure over a certain distance C) Earth's moving magnetic field D) The pressure exerted by the ocean water on the ocean floor

B

When do you think a sea breeze would be the strongest? Question options: A) at night during the summer B) during a bright summer day C) at night during the winter D) during a bright winter day

B

Where is the Coriolis effect the strongest? Question options: A) At the Tropic of Capricorn B) at the North and South poles C) at 45 degrees north and south latitudes D) at the equator

B

Which statement best explains why 50% of the atmosphere is below 5.5 km and 99% is below 32 km? Question options: A) The greenhouse effect is due to water vapor, carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere. B) Air is compressible. C) The ozone layer blocks UV radiation in the stratosphere between 20 and 50 km of altitude. D) Air acts like water as you change depth. E) The relative amounts of oxygen and nitrogen do not change with altitude.

B

Midlatitude cyclones Question options: A) Are generally found over the ocean. B) Generally bring clear skies and little precipitation. C) Usually move across North America from west to east. D) Are short-lived events lasting a few hours.

C

Which of the following lists is composed only of greenhouse gases? Question options: A) Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and nitrogen B) Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and oxygen C) Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide D) Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, oxygen and nitrous oxide E) Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrogen and nitrous oxide

C

Which statement best explains the flat bottom of some cumulus clouds? Question options: A) The flat base is the transition between liquid water droplets and ice crystals. B) The flat base is defined formed by an increase in ultraviolet radiation going into the cloud. C) The flat base marks the level of condensation. D) The flat base is formed when fog is lifted from the ground to form a cloud. E) The flat base is formed by the greenhouse effect.

C

A prolonged drought can lead to trees dying. The loss of vegetation can lead to the exposure of dry and bare soil. The soil can then become more easily eroded. The erosion may lead to dust storms and further erosion. The greater amount of erosion may lead to more vegetation loss, and so on. The above is an example of: Question options: A) neutral feedback B) negative feedback C) biogeochemical cycles D) positive feedback

D

What are fast moving "rivers" of air found near the top of the troposphere called? Question options: A) Chinook winds B) Pressure gradients C) Land breezes D) Jet streams

D

Which of the following selections would change the relative humidity of a parcel of air but not its dew point? Question options: A) The air is heated and evaporation occurs B) The air is cooled and evaporation occurs C) The air is cooled and condensation occurs. D) The air is heated without a change in water vapor content. E) The air is heated and condensation occurs

D

Which of the following statements is due to the high levels of oxygen in the present atmosphere of the Earth? Question options: A) The high level suppresses cloud formation B) The high level benefits plant photosynthesis C) The high level leads to transmission of ultraviolet light through the atmosphere D) The high level benefits mammals which have a high rate of metabolism E) The high level leads to high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

D

Which statement explains why atmospheric pressure does not crush our lungs? Question options: A) Because our lungs have extremely strong muscles, which counteract atmospheric pressure. B) Because our blood counteracts this atmospheric pressure. C) Because we evolved on an Earth with a much higher atmospheric pressure. D) Because our lungs are also filled with air, so atmospheric pressure is balanced. E) Because there is very little air space in our lungs.

D

During a strong El Niño year, if the air pressure is very high over Darwin, Australia, what will the air pressure be like over Tahiti and the eastern Pacific? Question options: a) low pressure b) high pressure c) moderate pressure d) cannot be determined

A

On a weather map, what do closely spaced isobars indicate? Question options: A) High pressure gradient force and strong winds. B) Weak pressure gradient force and strong winds. C) Weak pressure gradient force and weak winds. D) High pressure gradient force and weak winds.

A

The highest rates of evaporation typically occur over: Question options: A) tropical oceans B) polar regions C) deserts D) midlatitudes

A

Which statement is false about stratus clouds? Question options: A) Stratus clouds occur in the upper (8 to 12 km) troposphere. B) Nimbostratus clouds are thick and dark. C) Stratus clouds form when air rises as a result of frontal lifting. D) Cirrostratus clouds occur in the middle (6 to 8 km) of the troposphere. E) Stratus clouds do not occur high (above 10 km) in the atmosphere.

A

Which of the following comparisons between air at sea level and at the top of Mount Everest is false? Question options: A) The total pressure of air is lower at the top. B) The pressure of oxygen is lower at the top. C) The pressure of nitrogen is lower at the top. D) The air temperature is generally lower at the top. E) The relative amount of oxygen as a fraction of air is lower at the top.

E

Which of the following statements about the stratosphere is false? Question options: A) The stratosphere is between the troposphere and the mesosphere. B) Most ultraviolet light is absorbed by the stratosphere. C) Most ozone is located in the stratosphere D) The stratosphere is stratified with the densest, coldest air at the bottom. E) In the stratosphere, temperature decreases with height.

E