CHDEV CH 15 Quiz

According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of 50 to 60 times. 75 to 80 times. 65 to 70 times. 80 to 100 times.

75 to 80 times.

The retention of information about the details of life's happenings is called _____ memory. source prospective semantic episodic

episodic

Based on the ways cells divide, Hayflick places the upper limit of the human life-span potential at about _____ years of age. 90 to 100 110 to 119 120 to 125 100 to 110

120 to 125

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference? Aaron has a thicker corpus callosum than Harry has. Harry has reduced tree-like branching in the dendrites of his brain. Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons. Harry has a lower number of synapses than Aaron has.

Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons.

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood. Kidney disease Diabetes Arthritis Glaucoma

Arthritis

_____ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and they are rare in early adulthood. Acute Terminal Pervasive Chronic

Chronic

_____ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and they are rare in early adulthood. Chronic Pervasive Terminal Acute

Chronic

_____ memory is memory without conscious recollection. Source Explicit Prospective Implicit

Implicit

Which of the following is true of executive function? It is unrelated to health, emotion regulation, and social functioning. It shows considerable increase in late adulthood and is strongly linked to increase in working memory. It involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control. It consists of a number of low-level cognitive processes.

It involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and to exercise self-control.

In the study by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer (1977), which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives? It was found to increase longevity. It increased the levels of stress. It led to fewer social interactions. It significantly reduced life expectancy.

It was found to increase longevity.

In 2015, which of the following countries had the highest estimated life expectancy at birth? Afghanistan The United States Monaco Swaziland

Monaco

Which of the following is one of the findings from the Nun Study? Aerobic exercise was linked to greater telomere length in older adults. Positive emotions early in adulthood were linked to longevity. Higher levels of idea density were linked with higher incidences of mild cognitive impairment. Stimulating the brain with intellectual activity did not have any effect on the health of neurons.

Positive emotions early in adulthood were linked to longevity.

Which of the following statements is true of mTOR pathway theory? Some scientists argue that the mTOR pathway is linked to longevity, the successful outcomes of calorie restriction, and reducing cognitive decline. mTOR pathway theory states that the maximum number of times that human cells can divide is about 75 to 80. Proponents of mTOR pathway theory argue that sirtuins have no serious side effects on the human body. mTOR pathway theory argues that aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

Some scientists argue that the mTOR pathway is linked to longevity, the successful outcomes of calorie restriction, and reducing cognitive decline.

_____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes. Telomeres Free radicals Mitochondria Polymers

Telomeres

Which of the following is true of changes in touch and pain sensitivity in older adults? With aging, individuals could detect touch less in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities. Increased sensitivity to pain can help older adults cope with disease and injury. Older adults are more sensitive to pain than are younger adults. The most frequent pain complaints of older adults are back pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, and chronic joint pain.

The most frequent pain complaints of older adults are back pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, and chronic joint pain.

Which of the following best describes sirtuins? They are unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures. They are a family of proteins that have been proposed as having important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, calorie restriction benefits, stress resistance, and cardiovascular functioning. They are tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair. They are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes and are proposed as being the key components of the stem cell regeneration process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging.

They are a family of proteins that have been proposed as having important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, calorie restriction benefits, stress resistance, and cardiovascular functioning.

_____, which is closely linked to short-term memory, allows children and adults to manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language. Source memory Episodic memory Working cognition Working memory

Working memory

Reductions in _____ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease. acetylcholine gamma-aminobutyric acid dopamine adrenaline

acetylcholine

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from. cataracts nearsightedness glaucoma macular degeneration

cataracts

Nathan just celebrated his 100th birthday. It can be said that Nathan is a(n) _____. supercentenarian millennial centenarian adolescent

centenarian

Explicit memory is also called _____ memory. procedural false declarative collective

declarative

Life _____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live. achievement extension expectancy span

expectancy

Recent research indicates that the greater distractibility of older adults is associated with less effective functioning in neural networks running through the _____ of the brain, which are involved in cognitive control. occipital and temporal lobes frontal and parietal lobes medulla cerebellum

frontal and parietal lobes

Jake has been diagnosed with a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to a buildup of fluid in the eye. Jake is suffering from macular degeneration. cataracts. glaucoma. retinopathy.

glaucoma

Which of the following is a major disease that can impair the vision of older adults? otosclerosis tinnitus glaucoma myopia

glaucoma

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the 40s through the 70s, the number of neurons increased. number of axons increased. growth of dendrites decreased. growth of dendrites increased.

growth of dendrites increased.

Travis, who is 25 years old, knows that Beijing is the capital of China, but he cannot remember when or where he learned this. This is an example of how semantic memory begins to decline in early adulthood. is closely linked to an individual's personal identity with the past. improves with age. is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past

is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past

Allen can be described as an average American. He is currently 65 years old. He is likely to live 18.4 more years. Hence, it can be said that Allen has a _____ of 83.4 years. life expectancy cellular clock mortality rate circadian rhythm

life expectancy

Identify the region of the human brain in which neurogenesis has been documented in adults. amygdala hypothalamus olfactory bulb prefrontal cortex

olfactory bulb

The ________ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging. amygdala prefrontal cortex premotor cortex hypothalamus

prefrontal cortex

The ________ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging. premotor cortex hypothalamus prefrontal cortex amygdala

prefrontal cortex

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to _____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood. muscular and skeletal strength reproductive fitness cognitive and perceptual fitness neurogenesis

reproductive fitness

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to _____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood. reproductive fitness muscular and skeletal strength neurogenesis cognitive and perceptual fitness

reproductive fitness

An example of _____ attention is the ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded room or a noisy restaurant. executive selective sustained divided

selective

The term _____ refers to the ability to focus on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are irrelevant. selective attention divided attention sustained attention attention deficit

selective attention

A person's knowledge about the world is called _____ memory. functional normative schematic semantic

semantic

Frank, aged 67, recites a poem that he learned in grade school, much to the amazement of his grandchildren. This is an example of Frank's _____ memory. functional procedural semantic implicit

semantic

A recent study of older adults found that the greater the variability in their _____ attention, the more likely they were to experience falls. selective divided executive sustained

sustained

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is their socioeconomic status. their years of marriage. their ability to cope effectively with stress. the lack of stressful events in their lives.

their ability to cope effectively with stress.