chem 1010 Ch 1

A scientific hypothesis is a(n) ________. -testable explanation of an observation -well-tested theory that has been shown to be valid -restatement of a natural phenomenon -test designed to limit possible conclusions

A

An example of basic research is ________. -the study of the composition of the atom - the development of new plastics that can be recycled - the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine - the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone

A

Any particular technology that is high risk ________. -may be only a high risk to some individuals - is always accompanied by high potential benefits - automatically has a low potential for benefiting society - helps to maximize potential benefits

A

Convert 2.00 terameters to nanometers. 2.00 x 1021 nm 2.00 x 10-3 nm 2.00 x 103 nm 2.00 x 10-21 nm

A

Convert 51.8 hectograms to centigrams. 5.18 x 105 cg 5.18 cg 5.18 x 10-3 cg 51.8 cg

A

Convert 51.8 hectograms to centigrams. 5.18 x 105 cg 51.8 cg 5.18 cg 5.18 x 10-3 cg

A

How might the demand for reproducibility in science have the long-term effect of compelling honesty? -All of the statements are true. - Any false claims are eventually uncovered. Scientists, therefore, stand to gain most from reporting their results truthfully. - A scientist who has knowingly falsifies any bit of evidence runs the risk of losing credibility for all his or her life's work. - Science is about discovering the rules of nature. A scientist who creates his or her own rules through dishonesty, which may not be reproducible in other laboratories, is not truly doing science.

A

Any particular technology that is high risk ________. - helps to maximize potential benefits - may be only a high risk to some individuals - automatically has a low potential for benefiting society - is always accompanied by high potential benefits

B

Most scientific inquires begin with ________. a theory a question grant money mathematics formulas

B

Most scientific inquires begin with ________. mathematics formulas a question a theory grant money

B

Scientific thinking began when _________. - mysterious forces were used to explain the creation of the Earth - people became skeptical of their explanations and turned to experimentation - the Ancient Greek philosophers began philosophizing - people began to communicate their explanations of the natural world with others

B

Scientific thinking began when _________. - the Ancient Greek philosophers began philosophizing - mysterious forces were used to explain the creation of the Earth - people became skeptical of their explanations and turned to experimentation - people began to communicate their explanations of the natural world with others

B

The radius of an oxygen atom is 6.6 × 10-11 m. What is this radius in picometers? 10 picometers 66 picometers 1012 picometers 6.6 × 1012 picometers 0.66 picometer

B

What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs) 7.5 kg 70.5 kg 341 kg 3.41 kg 34.1 kg

B

Which statement is MOST accurate? - The goal of technology is the development of new science. - New technologies tend to arise from scientific discoveries. - The primary goal of science is the development of new technology. - Technology and science are basically the same thing.

B

An example of basic research is ________. - the development of new plastics that can be recycled - the study of natural compounds in sea animals to look for new molecules that can be used for medicine - the study of the composition of the atom - the design of new batteries for electric cars - the study of the relationship between the amount of automobile emissions gases in the atmosphere and the decomposition of atmospheric ozone

C

Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a theory. -Only a scientific hypothesis is subject to scrutiny, while a theory is generally accepted to be true and will never change. -Once a scientific hypothesis has been proven to be accurate, it becomes known as a theory. -A scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption, while a theory is a well-verified idea used to explain a broad range of phenomena.

C

How many km are in 8.67 nm? 8.67 x 106 km 8.67 x 1012 km 8.67 x 10-12 km 8.67 x 10-6 km

C

How many meters is 15.5 millimeters? 0.0000155 m 1.55 m 0.00155 m 0.0155 m 15,500 m

C

How many variables should be varied at one time in a controlled experiment? 2 4 1 As many as possible.

C

Is chemistry the study of the submicroscopic, the microscopic, or the macroscopic, or all three? - Macroscopic because it deals with powders, liquids, and gases that fill beakers and flasks. -Microscopic because it pertains to the formation of crystals. - Submicroscopic, microscopic and macroscopic because all matter is made of atoms and molecules. - Submicroscopic because it deals with atoms and molecules, which can't be seen with a microscope.

C

Scientific theories are based on: mathematical principles that can be proven true observations from within only one scientific discipline large amounts of data collected over time general assumptions of how systems work

C

What is the definition of chemistry? The study of energy and the changes it can undergo. The study of light and the changes it can undergo. The study of matter and the changes it can undergo. None of the answers are correct.

C

Which of the following best describes a theory? a new way of testing an old idea a static, unchanging law of the universe ! a comprehensive idea that has been extensively tested a prediction about the outcome of an experiment

C

Which of the following is NOT an example of applied research? - The use of organic synthesis techniques to produce an antimalarial drug. - The use of genetic engineering techniques to produce drought resistant crops. - A survey of the number and types of aquatic organisms in a lake. - The use of quantum theory to develop a laser to to be used in a DVD player.

C

Which of the following would not be considered matter? clouds trees light rain air

C

A geologist has a rock analyzed in order to determine its composition. This is an example of _______. applied research a scientific theory a scientific law basic research

D

A scientific hypothesis is a(n) ________. test designed to limit possible conclusions restatement of a natural phenomenon well-tested theory that has been shown to be valid testable explanation of an observation

D

Convert 621 mL to LaTeX: \mu μ L. 6.21 x 1011 LaTeX: \mu μ L 6.21 x 10-7 LaTeX: \mu μ L 0.621 LaTeX: \mu μ L 6.21 x 105 LaTeX: \mu μ L

D

If one meter is equal to 39.4 inches, how many centimeters are in one foot? 4.72 cm 304 cm 0.3 cm 30.4 cm 472 cm

D

What is your weight in kilograms if you weigh 155 pounds? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs) 3.41 kg 341 kg 34.1 kg 70.5 kg 7.5 kg

D

Which of the following is NOT an example of applied research? - The use of quantum theory to develop a laser to to be used in a DVD player. - The use of organic synthesis techniques to produce an antimalarial drug. - The use of genetic engineering techniques to produce drought resistant crops. - A survey of the number and types of aquatic organisms in a lake.

D

Why is reproducibility such a vital component of science? - Reproducibility allows a scientist a second chance to show that his/her initial findings were correct. - Modern scientific procedures provide built-in assurances so that reproducibility is no longer considered to be a vital component of science. - Reproducibility is a vital component of science because it provides repeat funding. - An experiment can only be considered valid if other scientists can reproduce the results.

D

How many meters is 15.5 millimeters? 0.00155 m 15,500 m 0.0000155 m 1.55 m 0.0155 m

E

The radius of an oxygen atom is 6.6 × 10-11 m. What is this radius in picometers? 1012 picometers 10 picometers 6.6 × 1012 picometers 0.66 picometer 66 picometers

E

Which of the following are scientific hypothesis? (i) Stars are made of glitter. (ii) Albert Einstein was the greatest scientist ever to have lived. (iii) The planet Mars is reddish because it is covered in cotton candy. (iv) Badminton is the worst sport. (v) Tides are caused by the moon. (vi) You were President Abraham Lincoln in your past life. (vii) Animals can detect impending earthquakes ahead of time. (vii) Students who attend class earn better grades than students who do not attend class. A - ii, iv, vi B- i, ii, iii, v, vii, vii C- All of the statements are scientific hypotheses. D- None of the statements are scientific hypotheses. E- i, iii, v, vii, viii

E