Chem ch 15 ,6 & 7

How many atoms in 4.0 grams of Oxygen atoms (O)? Oxygen molecules? Ozone molecules?

(O) 1.5 x 1023 atoms; (O2) 7.5 x 1022 moleules; (O3) 5.0 x 1022 molecules

Describe cyclic and aromatic rings. Cyclic

-Cyclic •Atoms are joined together to form a closed ring •Can contain single, double or triple bonds -Aromatic •Containing a planar unsaturated ring of atoms that is stabilized by an interaction of the bonds forming the ring

How many moles are contained in 14.2 g of BaSO4?

0.0608 moles

What is the number of sulfur atoms in 96 g of sulfur (S)?

1.8 x 1024 atoms

186.4 g of KCl is how many moles?

2.500 mol

1.5 moles of PCl3 has a mass of

205.98 g

What is the percent composition by mass of potassium (K) in potassium iodide (KI)?

23.6%

What is the maximum number of bonds that can carbon form?

4

What is the mass in grams of 2.52 moles of Ca(NO3)2 ?

414 g

How many moles of HF are produced from 114.0 g of F2 according the following reaction? 2 F2 + 2 H2O 4 HF + O2

6.000 moles

One mole of hydrogen atoms contains:

6.022 x 1023 atoms

Which one of the following is an example of a balanced chemical reaction?

A) HCl + KMnO4 Cl2 + MnO2 + H2O + KCl B) HCl + KMnO4 Cl2 + MnO2 + 2H2O + KCl C) 2HCl + 2KMnO4 Cl2 + MnO2 + 2H2O + 2KCl D) 6HCl + 2KMnO4 2Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2KCl E) 8HCl + 2KMnO4 3Cl2 + 2MnO2 + 4H2O + 2KCl Answer: E

5. Which of the following represents a combination reaction? D Which of the following represents a decomposition reaction? A Which of the following is a combustion reaction? E Which of the following represents a double displacement? C Which of the following represents a single displacement? B

A. 2 Na3N (s) 6 Na(s) + N2 (g) B. 2 Al(s) + Fe2O3 (s) 2 Fe(s) + Al2O3 (s) C. BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2 NaCl (aq) D. 2P (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 PCl3 (g) E. C3H8 (g) + O2 (g) 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (g)

Determine the charge for Chlorine in the following:

A. Cl2 Cl = 0 B. HCl Cl = -1 C. HClO H = +1 Cl = +1 O = -2 D. HClO2 H = +1 Cl = +3 O = -2 E. HClO3 H = +1 Cl = +5 O = -2 F. HClO4 H = +1 Cl = +7 O = -2

Select the compound in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number. A) H2S B) SO2 C) SCl2 D) H2SO3 E) Na2SO4

E

Calculate the percent composition by mass for each element in (NH4)3PO3

N = 31.58%, H = 9.09 %, P = 23.27%, O = 36.06 %

Calculate the percent composition by mass of sodium, carbon, and oxygen in Na2CO3

Na = 43.4%, C = 11.3 %, O = 45.3 %

Which elements can form double or triple bonds with carbon?

Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbon

What are REDOX reactions?

Redox reactions - involve electron transfer; Oxidation reaction- half-reaction that involves loss of electrons; Reduction reaction- half-reaction that involves gain of electrons\

Balance the following equations:

____C2H4 + __3__O2 __2__CO2 + __2__H2O ____Cu + __2__AgNO3 ____Cu(NO3)2 + _2___Ag ____ CH4 + __2__O2 ____CO2 + _2___H2O __2__Mg + ____O2 __2___MgO __4___Ag +__2__H2S + ____O2 __2___Ag2S + _2___H2O __8___Al + __3____Fe3O4 __4__Al 2O3 + __9___Fe __2_ C7H14 + __21_ O2 _14__ CO2 + _14__ H2O __2__C2H2 + __5__O2 __4__CO2 + _2___H2O

What is a chemical reaction?

•A process in which a substance or substances is changed into one or more new substances

What are conformations?

•Any of the spatial arrangements that the atoms in a molecule may adopt and freely convert between, especially by rotation about individual single bonds •The molecules may be arranged in different conformations, but the sequence of atoms is the same and does not make them isomers

What are isomers?

•Compounds with the same molecular formula but different bonding sequences •Since their structures are different, isomers have different physical properties

Alkenes

•Contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond •End in -ene •Are unsaturated since they do not have 4 single bonds •Formula is CnH2n

Alkynes

•Contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond •End in -yne •Are unsaturated since they do not have 4 single bonds •Formula is CnH2n-2

Alkanes

•Only contain carbon-carbon single bonds •End in -ane •Are saturated since they have 4 single bonds •Formula is CnH2n+2

What are hydrocarbons? What elements can be attached to the hydrocarbon skeleton?

•Organic molecules that only contain hydrogen and carbon •nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, the halogens

What is the uniqueness principle?

•Period 2 elements are uniquely small because they have so few electrons and those electrons are very close to the nucleus

What is the Law of Conversation of Mass?

•The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. •The number of atoms starting on the reactant side must also be the same number of atoms on the product side

What does the letter "R" represent when attached to a carbon atom?

•Use the letter R to represent a generic group of atoms