Chemistry

Which of the following series of isoelectronic ions correctly lists the ions in order of increasing size (i.e., smallest to largest)? A) Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Cl⁻ < P³⁻ B) K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < P³⁻ < Cl⁻ C) P³⁻ < Cl⁻ < K⁺ < Ca²⁺ D) Cl⁻ < K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < P³⁻ E) K⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Cl⁻ < P³⁻

A) Ca²⁺ < K⁺ < Cl⁻ < P³⁻

Which of the following pairs of ions have the same total number of electrons? A) Cl⁻; Ca²⁺ B) Mg²⁺; Ca²⁺ C) Mg²⁺; Fe²⁺ D) Pb⁴⁺; Ba²⁺ E) F⁻; Li⁺

A) Cl⁻; Ca²⁺

Which of the following groups of elements tend to form cations? A) Metals B) Metalloids C) Nonmetals D) Noble gases E) Radioactive elements

A) Metals

Which of the following radii comparisons is incorrect? A) Sr²⁺ < Sr B) Br⁻ < Br C) Fe³⁺ < Fe²⁺ D) Se²⁻ > Se E) Sn²⁺ > Sn⁴⁺

B) Br⁻ < Br

In which direction on the periodic table does metallic character increase? A) Down and to the right. B) Down and to the left. C) As you move toward the middle of the table. D) Up and to the right. E) Up and to the left.

B) Down and to the left.

Which periodic trend quantifies the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral, gaseous atom? A) Atomic Radius B) Ionization Energy C) Ionic Radius D) Electron Affinity E) Electronegativity

B) Ionization Energy

Which of these ions is isoelectronic to the oxide anion O²⁻? A) K⁺ B) Mg²⁺ C) Cl⁻ D) S²⁻ E) Pb²⁺

B) Mg²⁺

Halogens tend to form anions because A) losing electrons will fill their octet faster than gaining them. B) gaining electrons will fill their octet faster than losing them. C) halogen element ionization energies are lower than transition metal ionization energies. D) halogen atomic radii tend to be larger than their corresponding ionic radii. E) halogen atomic radii tend to be smaller than their corresponding ionic radii.

B) gaining electrons will fill their octet faster than losing them.

How many core electrons does an atom of beryllium (Be) contain? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) 4

C) 2

Which of the following radii comparisons is correct? A) N³⁻ < N B) Ti⁴⁺ > Ti³⁺ C) In³⁺ < In⁺ D) C⁴⁺ > C⁴⁻ E) As³⁻ < As³⁺

C) In³⁺ < In⁺

Which of the following is true concerning successive ionizations of an atom and its ions? A) Each successive ionization requires less energy to achieve. B) All ionizations require the same amount of energy. C) The amount of energy required to achieve a successive ionization doubles with each electron removed. D) Each successive ionization requires increasing amounts of energy. E) The first two ionizations are endothermic but each ionization afterwards is exothermic.

D) Each successive ionization requires increasing amounts of energy.

which of these statements is true concerning the following reaction? Na(g) → Na⁺(g) + e⁻. A) The energy required is the electron affinity B) The reaction is exothermic C) Na⁺(g) is an anion D) This is an ionization process

D) This is an ionization process

Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy? A) S B) O C) Si D) Sr E) Cs

E) Cs

The Trend towards a smaller atomic radii as one moves to the right in a period is

due to the effective nuclear charge increasing