Child Psychopathology Midterm

what psychopathology is dopamine associated with?

ADHD

the ______________ has been implicated in several psychological disorders, especially those connected to the person's response to stress and ability to regulate emotions

HPA Axis

what psychopathology is serotonin associated with?

OCD

True/False: a clinician must use all the components of the CFI in order for it to be valid

True

what psychopathology is GABA associated with?

anxiety disorder

ACTH does what

causes adrenal glands to release cortisol

HPA axis is...

central component of the brain's neuroendocrine response to stress

the ______________ gives us the distinct qualities that make us human and allows us to think about the future, be playful, and be creative

cerebral cortex

which risk factor is most likely to increase a child's vulnerability to psychopathology?

chronic poverty

children's problems must be considered in the context of their ______________

community/culture, family dynamics, and individual nature (ALL OF THESE)

the overlapping or co-occurrence of disorders is called ____________

comorbidity

evaluating the mental health of children can be particularly difficult due to the _____________________

cultural variations of what constitutes abnormal behavior

which of the following is a magnetic imaging method that produces images showing connection between brain regions?

diffusion MRI

_____________________ acts like a switch in the brain, turning on various circuits associated with certain types of behavior

dopamine

treatment ____________ refers to whether or not a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions

efficacy

the role that a child's primary caretaker has in terms of that child's brain development is crucial, since those early experiences form the part of the brain that is responsible for their _________________

emotion, personality, and behavior

attachment theory considers crying in an infant to be a behavior that _____________

enhances relationship with the caregiver

many child and adolescent problems can be best described as the _______________

failure to demonstrate expected developmental progress

the _____________ lobes combine the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities

frontal

positive affect and approach temperament

generally approachable and adaptive to their environment and possesses the ability to regulate basic functions of eating, sleeping, and elimination smoothly. "easy child"

which statement about genetic makeup is false?

genes determine behavior

which of the following disadvantages can impair a child's developmental progress signficantly?

greater exposure to violence, less education, and limited resources (ALL OF THESE)

a risk factor is a variable that _______________

increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur

which term best describes a child's model of relationships in terms of what the child expects from others and how the child relates to others?

internal working model

which part of our brain is most responsible for regulating our emotional experiences, expressions and impulses?

limbic system

traumatic and uncontrollable events can do what?

maintain a state of fear or alertness that becomes toxic over prolonged periods of time

an integrative approach to the psychopathology of a child means that _________________________

many theories and concepts can be used to explain behavior

the first disorder unique to children and adolescents was __________________

masturbatory insanity

factors that influence the direction and strength of a relationship of variables of interest are called

moderator variables

what does cortisol do?

modulates the stress response by acting on hypothalamus to inhibit the continued release of CRH

most often, adaptational failure is due to an __________________________

ongoing interaction between the individual and environment

brain maturity occurs in an _________________ fashion

organized and hierarchical

children's development occurs in an ____________ manner

organized and hierarchical

etiology refers to the _____________ of childhood disorders

possible root causes

negative affect or irritability temperament

predominantly negative or intense in mood, not very adaptable, distress when faces with novel or challenging situations, general distress or irritability when limitations placed on them. Can lead to parental withdrawal and lead to attachment problems "difficult child"

____________________ rates refers to all the cases of a disorder, whether new or existing, that are observed during a specific time period

prevalence

Patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms shown by an individual are defined as _______________

psychological disorders

what psychopathology is norepinephrine associated with?

regulator of behavior

CRH is secreted by _______ and stimulates ________

secreted by the hypothalamus; stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH

the windows of time during which environmental influences on development are enhanced is called ________________

sensitive periods

neurotransmitter implicated in regulatory problems, such as eating and sleep disorder

serotonin

temperament

shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa

the fact that effects of parental conflict and divorce may not surface immediately but rather years later is an example of _____________

sleeper effect

fearful or inhibited temperament

slow to warm up, cautious in new situations -high: anxiety -low: ODD/CD

_____________ relates to how children think about themselves and others, resulting in mental representations of themselves, relationships, and their social world

social cognition

a child typically enters the mental health system ______________

through teachers, counselors, or parents

the feedback loop which regulates our level of arousal and apprehension can be disrupted by what?

traumatic and uncontrollable events

because there is no one correct approach to research, most problems in abnormal child psychology are best studied by ______________

using multiple methods and strategies

Multifinality refers to the observation that ______________

various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings