Chp 12-13 Quiz/Penny
Which procedure is most used to image the adrenal glands?
CT
The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called:
Gerota fascia
Which of the following is associated with hypernatremia?
Conn syndrome
Which sex hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland cortex
androgen and estrogen
What is one common entity involving the prostate gland?
cancer
Which area is primarily affected as benign prostatic hypertrophy progresses?
central zone
All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: a. adrenal adenoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. adrenal hematoma
neuroblastoma
The most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the:
neuroblastoma
The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the
suprarenal arteries
What is associated with hyponatremia?
Addison disease
An abdominal sonogram is requested for a newborn in the intensive care unit. the new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, hetergeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Adrenal hemorrhage
Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body?
Aldosterone
the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:
5 years
Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands?
ACTH
Where is the prostate gland located
Between the bladder and the pelvic floor
Which is the best patient position to use because it consistently demonstrates the normal right adrenal gland, even on heavier patients?
Left decubitis
Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a. cushing syndrome b. conn syndrome c. hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d. acute drop in hematocrit
acute drop in hematocrit
What has a clinical finding of bronzing the skin?
addison disease
What is also referred to as primary adrenocortial insufficiency?
addison disease
Which condition presents with decreased cortisol levels?
addison disease
A 45y/o obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatique presents to the ultrasounds department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of:
adrenal adenoma
Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32y/o female complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass wih posterior enhancement superior and meidal upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a(n)
adrenal cyst
What mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?
adrenal rests
The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a. cortisol b. androgens c. aldosterone d. adrenaline
adrenaline
Which is one of the most common causes of endogenous calculi?
aging
What hormone regulates electrolyte concentration
aldosterone
Which plays a part in the development of male characteristics?
androgens
What is the cause of Cushing disease?
anterior pituitary gland tumor
Where is the near field located on the sonographic image that was obtained using an endorectal technique
bottom
All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: a. bradycardia b. uncontrollable hypertension c. excessive sweating d. tremors
bradycardia
What best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a. posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. posterior and lateral to the IVC d. medial to the crus of the diaphragm
c. posterior and lateral to the IVC
While scanning the prostate gland, what is the most likely explanation for visualizing while scanning an irregular echo pattern of the internal and external zones?
capsular invasion has occurred because of carcinoma
The syndrome associated with hypertenstion, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is:
cushing syndrome
With active internal hemorrhage, the patients hematocrit will
decrease
Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?
endocrine glands
What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" responese?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is produced by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is characteristic about the apex that explains why most prostate cancers involve the apex?
has the greatest portion of peripheral glandular tissue
When internal bleeding is suspected what laboratory value is useful for a sonographer to evaluate
hematocrit
A localized collection of blood describes a:
hematoma
The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma?
heterogeneous mass with calcifications
Conn syndrome results from:
high levels of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex
What would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?
hypercortisolism
The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n):
hyperechoic mass
What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?
hyponatremia
What term is used for an unexpected mass detected during an imaging procedure?
incidentaloma
The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:
left renal vein
What pathology is most likely demonstrated on a 64-year-old man with a slightly elevated prostate-specific antigen level and the endorectal sonogram documenting an 8.9-mm hypoechoic mass in the right peripheral zone?
malignancy
If the sonographic examination demonstrates a large solid mass with a mixed echo pattern on a 3-year-old with a palpable mass in the LUQ, enlarged liver, weight loss, vomiting, hypertension abdominal pain, anemia, and elevated urinary catecholamines, what is the most likely diagnosis?
neuroblastoma
Which prostate zone is most often the primary site of carcinoma?
peripheral
The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia and tremors is the
pheochromocytoma
What is the likely diagnosis when sonography documents a homogenous mass on both adrenal glands on a 45 year-old-male who presents with headaches, visual blurring, severe sweats, hypertension, tachycardia, increased levels of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites, and urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine during or following an attack?
pheochromocytoma
Which mass is adrenal in origin and secretes hormones?
pheochromocytoma
Which is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system
prostate
Which of the following is the best indicating marker for diagnosing prostate cancer?
prostate-specific antigen
What pathology is most likely demonstrated on a patient with a painfully swollen prostate gland, an elevated prostate-specific antigen level, and the endorectal sonogram documenting several irregular, hypoechoic areas in the periurethral area?
prostatitis
The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except the: a. suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b. suprarenal branches of the aorta c. suprarenal branches of the renal arteries d. suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus b. the adrenal glands are exocrine glands c. the adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex d. the adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands
the adrenal glands are exocrine glands
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
All of the following are associated with Conn Syndrome except: a. adrenal adenoma b. hypertension c. excessive thirst d. thinning arms and legs
thinning arms and legs
The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the:
IVC
The venous system for the right adrenal gland drains into what vessel?
IVC