Chp 12-13 Quiz/Penny

Which procedure is most used to image the adrenal glands?

CT

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called:

Gerota fascia

Which of the following is associated with hypernatremia?

Conn syndrome

Which sex hormone is secreted by the adrenal gland cortex

androgen and estrogen

What is one common entity involving the prostate gland?

cancer

Which area is primarily affected as benign prostatic hypertrophy progresses?

central zone

All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: a. adrenal adenoma b. neuroblastoma c. pheochromocytoma d. adrenal hematoma

neuroblastoma

The most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the:

neuroblastoma

The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the

suprarenal arteries

What is associated with hyponatremia?

Addison disease

An abdominal sonogram is requested for a newborn in the intensive care unit. the new born is suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, hetergeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Adrenal hemorrhage

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood pressure by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body?

Aldosterone

the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:

5 years

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands?

ACTH

Where is the prostate gland located

Between the bladder and the pelvic floor

Which is the best patient position to use because it consistently demonstrates the normal right adrenal gland, even on heavier patients?

Left decubitis

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a. cushing syndrome b. conn syndrome c. hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d. acute drop in hematocrit

acute drop in hematocrit

What has a clinical finding of bronzing the skin?

addison disease

What is also referred to as primary adrenocortial insufficiency?

addison disease

Which condition presents with decreased cortisol levels?

addison disease

A 45y/o obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatique presents to the ultrasounds department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of:

adrenal adenoma

Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32y/o female complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass wih posterior enhancement superior and meidal upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a(n)

adrenal cyst

What mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?

adrenal rests

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a. cortisol b. androgens c. aldosterone d. adrenaline

adrenaline

Which is one of the most common causes of endogenous calculi?

aging

What hormone regulates electrolyte concentration

aldosterone

Which plays a part in the development of male characteristics?

androgens

What is the cause of Cushing disease?

anterior pituitary gland tumor

Where is the near field located on the sonographic image that was obtained using an endorectal technique

bottom

All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: a. bradycardia b. uncontrollable hypertension c. excessive sweating d. tremors

bradycardia

What best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a. posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. posterior and lateral to the IVC d. medial to the crus of the diaphragm

c. posterior and lateral to the IVC

While scanning the prostate gland, what is the most likely explanation for visualizing while scanning an irregular echo pattern of the internal and external zones?

capsular invasion has occurred because of carcinoma

The syndrome associated with hypertenstion, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is:

cushing syndrome

With active internal hemorrhage, the patients hematocrit will

decrease

Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?

endocrine glands

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" responese?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is produced by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine and norepinephrine

What is characteristic about the apex that explains why most prostate cancers involve the apex?

has the greatest portion of peripheral glandular tissue

When internal bleeding is suspected what laboratory value is useful for a sonographer to evaluate

hematocrit

A localized collection of blood describes a:

hematoma

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma?

heterogeneous mass with calcifications

Conn syndrome results from:

high levels of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex

What would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?

hypercortisolism

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n):

hyperechoic mass

What is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?

hyponatremia

What term is used for an unexpected mass detected during an imaging procedure?

incidentaloma

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

left renal vein

What pathology is most likely demonstrated on a 64-year-old man with a slightly elevated prostate-specific antigen level and the endorectal sonogram documenting an 8.9-mm hypoechoic mass in the right peripheral zone?

malignancy

If the sonographic examination demonstrates a large solid mass with a mixed echo pattern on a 3-year-old with a palpable mass in the LUQ, enlarged liver, weight loss, vomiting, hypertension abdominal pain, anemia, and elevated urinary catecholamines, what is the most likely diagnosis?

neuroblastoma

Which prostate zone is most often the primary site of carcinoma?

peripheral

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia and tremors is the

pheochromocytoma

What is the likely diagnosis when sonography documents a homogenous mass on both adrenal glands on a 45 year-old-male who presents with headaches, visual blurring, severe sweats, hypertension, tachycardia, increased levels of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites, and urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine during or following an attack?

pheochromocytoma

Which mass is adrenal in origin and secretes hormones?

pheochromocytoma

Which is the largest accessory gland of the male reproductive system

prostate

Which of the following is the best indicating marker for diagnosing prostate cancer?

prostate-specific antigen

What pathology is most likely demonstrated on a patient with a painfully swollen prostate gland, an elevated prostate-specific antigen level, and the endorectal sonogram documenting several irregular, hypoechoic areas in the periurethral area?

prostatitis

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except the: a. suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b. suprarenal branches of the aorta c. suprarenal branches of the renal arteries d. suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus b. the adrenal glands are exocrine glands c. the adrenal glands are composed of a medulla and cortex d. the adrenal glands may also be referred to as the suprarenal glands

the adrenal glands are exocrine glands

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c. the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

All of the following are associated with Conn Syndrome except: a. adrenal adenoma b. hypertension c. excessive thirst d. thinning arms and legs

thinning arms and legs

The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

IVC

The venous system for the right adrenal gland drains into what vessel?

IVC