CHP 19 BIO

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

4 iron atoms

Hemoglobin

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils.

A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a

blood clot.

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed

carbaminohemoglobin.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin.

A plasma protein essential for blood clotting is

fibrinogen.

vascular spasm

first step of hemostasis

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

Which of these is used clinically to impede or prevent blood clotting?

heparin

A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a

lymphocyte.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

Macrophages develop from

monocytes.

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?

neutrophils

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis.

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

the liver

water

the most abundant component of plasma is

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

-regulating pH. -defending against pathogens. -transporting gases and hormones. -regulating ion concentration.

All of the following are functions of blood

red bone marrow

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

thrombus

A blood clot attached to the inner surface of a blood vessel is called a

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

A person's blood type is determined by the

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

immunoglobulin

Antibodies are what type of plasma protein?

formed elements

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the

You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive?

B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative

Which of the following statements about blood is true

Blood is more viscous than water. Blood is about 55 percent plasma. Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. Blood contains buffers that control pH.

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

In what way does blood assist in immune function?

Which of the following is a way that red blood cell shape is significant?

It enables red blood cells to form stacks. B) It allows red blood cells to bend and flex. C) It allows fast exchange of gases between the inside of the cell and the plasma. D) It gives the red blood cell a large surface area to volume ratio.

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

Monocytes

recycled to the red bone marrow

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

4 months

The average life span of a red blood cell is

-attracted to complement-coated bacteria -can destroy bacteria -can exit capillaries -can make hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following is true of neutrophils?

develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

eosinophils.

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots.

Which white blood cell is most effective against parasitic infections?

eosinophils

Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes?

erythrocyte

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation.

erythrocytes

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

Tissue factor is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins.

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in

increased erythropoiesis.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

liver

Which of the following is the formed elements of blood?

lymphocytes platelets basophils RBCs

Natural killer cells are one of the functional classes of

lymphocytes.

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the

lymphocytes.

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils.

In an emergency situation when you have no time to wait for cross-matched blood you could give a patient type ________ until the cross-match is available.

o negative

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin.

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow.

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the

red bone marrow.

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Erythropoietin is a hormone

released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Hematocrit

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell production is called

Which of the following is true regarding red blood cells?

They are anucleate.

Which feature of WBCs makes them particularly important in tissue injury?

They can squeeze out through blood vessel walls into tissues.

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of platelets?

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

The protein(s) that are the major contributors to plasma osmolarity is/are

albumins.

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

anemia

_______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

anemia

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

coagulation.

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony-stimulating factors

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

When hemoglobin does not have oxygen bound to hemoglobin it is termed

deoxyhemoglobin.

You have spent 24 hours traveling from the U.S to New Zealand, on quite a few airplanes with many stops. Because of the stress, changes in time zones, and short blocks of time between planes, you find yourself tired with a headache when you arrive. You are severely dehydrated. A hematocrit value of your blood would be ________ than normal because ________.

higher; you have less blood plasma volume

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

A cross-match test is performed between donor blood and recipient blood, even though the ABO and Rh blood types match between the two because

there are many more surface antigens on red blood cells other than A, B and Rh.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin.

The hormone that stimulates platelet formation is

thrombopoietin.

_______ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

activation of Factor X and production of prothrombin activator.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

anti-B

Reticulocyte

are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?

are involved in cell mediated immunity

Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack?

asprin

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be Question options:

bleeding

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood,

built-in system for clotting. temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. red color from hemoglobin ph of 7.4

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry dissolved blood gases.

The most common blood type is

type o

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood