chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
what is the tx for a diabetic pt experiencing albuminuria
-acei or arbs -low protien diet
what signs might you expect in a sensorimotor neuropathie
-burning -numbing -tingling -pain
these are macrovascular complications of diabetes
-coronary artery disease (narrowing of the coronary arteries) -cerebrovascular disease (effecting the blood vessels of the brain) -hypertension -peripheral vascular disease (obstruction of the flow of blood to or from the arteries or veins outside the chest) -infection (uti, skin) will/can be seen multiple times in diabetic pt's
define diabetic nephropathy
-damage to the capillaries supplying the glomeruli of the kidney
these are microvascular complications of diabetes
-diabetic retinopathy -diabetic nephropothy -diabetic neuropathies
what are the major contributing factors for chronic complications of diabetes
-hypertension -increased blood glucose levels
what are the interventions for diabetic retinopathy
-laser therapy -vitrectomy
sensorimotor neuropathies affect what
-lower extremities
what chronic complications might you see with diabetes
-macrovascular disease -microvascular disease -neuropathies
what factors can contribute to an increased risk for foot infections in a diabetic pt
-neuropathy (any disease of the nerves) -peripheral vascular disease -immunocompromise
this condition acounts for 50% of non traumatic lower limb complications in diabetic pt's
-peripheral vascular disease
give examples of autonomic neuropathies
-pupillary (can be fixed) -cardiovascular (pt may have a high resting rate) -gastroparesis (altered absorption, delayed empying) -genitourinary -absence of sweating -impotence (from poor circulation)
there are two types of neuropathies, what are they
-sensorimotor -autonomic
what might a sensorimotor neuropathie be treated with
-tca -anticonvulsants
these chronic complications are more prevalent in type 2 diabetics
cardiovascular
what type of diet should a diabetic pt with diabetic nephropathy be on
low sodium
these type complications are the most common cause of death in diabetic pt's
macrovascular
explain what happens in diabetic retinopathy
microaneurisms develop with destruction of retinal capillaries
diabetic nephopathy pt's should avoid
nephotoxic substances
these chronic complications are more prevalent in type 1 diabetes
renal
is a type 1 or type 2 dibetic pt more at risk for developing macrovascular complications
type 1
this is the most common type infection affecting diabetics
uti's