Clinical Examination and Diagnosis (Ch 5-9)

If a patient is hypoglycemic, _________ grams of fast-acting carbohydrate should be administered to the patient.

10 to 15

What is the average respiration rate range for adults?

10-25 breaths per minute

What is considered the normal resting heart rate range for children?

120-140 beats per minute

A muscle that can move through the complete range of motion against gravity with moderate overload is graded as a

4

What is considered a normal range for diastolic blood pressure in healthy adults?

70 - 80 mm Hg

What is the range for normal oxygen saturation levels?

95-100

Which of the following are examples of methods used to assess and document level of responsiveness?

AVPU A/OX4 Glasgow Coma Scale

Lower cross syndrome is characterized by weakness of which muscles?

Abdominals, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius

What type of movement determines possible damage to contractile tissue and measures movement coordination?

Active range of motion

Which of the following muscles adduct the hip?

Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis

Which of the following most accurately describes a mesomorph?

An individual who has an athletic build with fairly large bone structure, well-defined muscles, gains muscle mass easily

When a patient alters his or her gait to alleviate pain, the patient is said to walk with a(n) ___________ gait.

Antalgic

The tendons of muscles that contribute to ankle dorsiflexion run _______ to the malleoli.

Anterior

When the body is upright, what is the major type of loading force on the spine?

Axial

The common abbreviation for twice daily is:

BID

Which spinal nerve roots control a person's ability to breathe?

C1-C4

A form of radiography that produces a 3-D cross sectional picture of a body part is:

CT Scan

Upper cross syndrome is characterized by weakness of which muscles?

Cervical flexors, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior

When obtaining the history portion of an on-field assessment, the athletic trainer should be positioned:

Close to the patient, with one hand on the forehead to prevent any unnecessary head movement

Which of the following should be included in a neurological assessment?

Cutaneous sensation Motor function Deep tendon reflexes

Which of the following most accurately describes flat back posture?

Decreased anterior lumbar curvature, resulting in a posteriorly tilted pelvis

What type of gait might a patient with anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg present with?

Drop foot

When assessing standing postural alignment from a lateral view, which anatomical structures should be in alignment when using a plumb line (straight line perpendicular to the floor)?

Ear, acromion process, greater trochanter, slightly anterior to the midline of the knee, slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus

Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign?

Edema

The escape of fluid from the blood vessels into the joint cavity is called:

Effusion

What population is the Timed Get Up and Go Test (TGUAGT) most commonly used for?

Elderly

A muscle that can move through the complete range of motion against gravity with no overload is graded

Fair

Energy stored in the ____________ is released on push-off, increasing the force available to propel the body forward.

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Which pathologies might result in pain during toe off, or inability to toe off?

Hallux rigidus Intermetatarsal neuroma Metatarsalgia

The spinal abnormality lordosis causes the ASISs to move __________ and the ischial tuberosities to move ____________.

Inferior, superior

Place the following eight components of the gait cycle in order from start to completion: (some options include 2 phases due to a 6-option maximum for this question type)

Initial contact (heel strike) Loading response (flat foot) Midstance Terminal stance (heel off) Preswing (toe off), initial swing Midswing, terminal swing

Place the following components of the stance phase of the gait cycle in order from start to completion:

Initial contact (heel strike) Loading response (flat foot) Midstance Terminal stance (heel off) Preswing (toe off)

The concept of "athlete-centered medicine" was recommended via the ____________ for the purpose of developing policies and procedures for injury prevention and health care provision.

Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best Practices for Sports Medicine Management for Secondary Schools and Colleges

Increased posterior thoracic curvature is characteristic of which spinal postural abnormality?

Kyphosis

A protocol to assist health care practitioners with enhancing communication and better understanding the worldview of a patient who may be culturally different from oneself is termed:

LEARN

The athletic trainer should seek the following information when conducting an on-site history:

Location and type of pain Presence of abnormal neurological signs Mechanism of injury Associated sounds History of injury

What postural abnormality might result from tight hip flexor musculature?

Lordosis of the lumbar spine

Anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, lateral leg rotation, and knee hyperextension, are all postural changes associated with which condition?

Lower cross syndrome

A single application of force that produces an injury is referred to as:

Macrotrauma

As soon a traumatic brain injury is suspected, the EAP should be activated. While waiting for EMS to arrive, what actions should be taken by the medical provider attending to the patient?

Maintain an open airway, monitor level of consciousness and ABC, monitor vital signs, treat for shock, and administer supplemental oxygen if SpO2 is less than 90% and the patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale of less than 9.

Which of the following is a deep tendon reflex?

Medial Hamstrings

Individuals who do not clearly fit into one somatotype category because they possess traits of more than one somatotype, are categorized as:

Mixed body type

What type of scoliosis involves flexible curvatures that are corrected with lateral bending?

Nonstructural

"Balanced dissemination of body mass around the center of gravity where the compression forces on spinal disks is balanced by ligamentous tension and with minimal energy expenditure from postural muscles" is the definition of:

Optimal posture

Which muscles are primarily responsible for ankle eversion?

Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis

Temperature can be measured via a thermometer placed in all of the following anatomical areas EXCEPT:

Popliteal fossa

The term "triage" refers to

Rapid assessment of all patients (when there are multiple people injured) followed by a return to the most seriously injured for immediate treatment

A type of visceral pain that travels along the same nerve pathways as somatic pain is termed:

Referred Pain

Diastolic blood pressure is a measurement of:

Residual pressure within the aorta/systemic arteries between heart beats, when the left ventricle is relaxed

Osteochondritis of the spine, a condition resulting from development of one or more wedge-shaped vertebrae in the thoracic or lumbar region, is known as:

Scheuermann disease

All of the following spinal abnormalities can be observed from a lateral view EXCEPT:

Scoliosis

During the gait cycle, excessive or prolonged pronation can lead to which of the following overuse injuries:

Sesamoid bone irritation Stress fracture of the second metatarsal Medial tibial stress syndrome Plantar fasciitis Achilles tendinitis

A system of taxonomy used to categorize the human body based on the relative contributions from the three germ layers of embryonic development, is known as:

Somatotyping

When the ankle dorsiflexors are not functioning adequately to hold the foot in neutral during the swing phase of the gait cycle, the patient may compensate by excessively flexing at the hip to bend the knee. This compensatory gait pattern is called:

Steppage gait

Treatment recommendations for mild to moderate scoliosis include:

Strength, flexibility, and general fitness activities

What are the implications for transporting a patient off the field/site of injury via ambulatory assistance?

The injury is minor and further harm will not occur if the patient is ambulatory

What are the implications for a Timed Get Up and Go Test (TGUAGT) that is greater than 30 seconds?

The patient is at increased risk for falls and dependence

If a patient's pupillary light reflex is intact, what should happen when a light is shinned into the patient's eye?

The pupil constricts smoothly

In a gait cycle, the time spent weight bearing, or in contact with the ground, is known as:

The stance phase

When the foot moves from dorsiflexion into plantarflexion during the loading response of the gait cycle, which muscle(s) is acting eccentrically?

Tibialis anterior

When determining the most appropriate method to use to transport a patient away from the site of injury, what method should be used if a spinal injury is suspected?

Transport by rigid immobilization device

Which model is based on the premise that change is a process with predictable stages?

Transtheoretical Model

What type of gait is identified when the patient thrusts the thorax laterally to maintain center of gravity over the weight-bearing, no non-injured leg?

Trendelenburg

Upper cross syndrome is characterized by tightness of which muscles?

Upper trapezius, levator scapulae, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

Following a rebound, a member of a girl's high school basketball team turns to throw a two-handed overhead pass to a teammate heading to down court. An opposing team member attempts to defend the pass and, in doing so, makes contact with the arm of the player attempting the pass. The contact forced the passer's arm into a position of abduction and external rotation. The athlete comes to the sideline supporting the arm on the injured side. Based on the information provided, what questions should the athletic trainer ask as part of the immediate assessment of this athlete?

Where is the pain? Can you describe the pain? Did you hear anything at the time of the injury? Did you feel any numbness or tingling down your arm? Did your shoulder feel like it moved? Can you move your arm?

What questions should be asked as by an evaluator to determine the injured individual's primary complaint?

Why are you here? What is the problem? Where does it hurt? What activities or motions are weak or painful?

A nodular, firm, movable, and often linear mass of hyperplastic scar tissue is:

a keloid.

Movements within the joint that accompany traditional active and PROM but cannot be performed voluntarily by the individual are termed:

accessory movements

The position in the ROM in which two joint surfaces fit precisely together is termed the:

close packed position.

As part of the assessment component of an injury evaluation, which of the following would be considered a short-term goal?

control of inflammation

The C6 myotome is tested with:

elbow flexion and wrist extension.

The position in the ROM in which the joint is under the least amount of stress is termed the:

loose packed position.

Decorticate rigidity is posturing characterized by:

marked extension of the legs and marked flexion of the elbows, wrists, and fingers.

The radiograph that uses an opaque dye that is introduced into the spinal canal is a(n):

myelogram

When using a goniometer to measure ROM, the stationary arm of the goniometer is placed ________ to the proximal bone of the joint being tested.

parallel

Using a tapping motion of the finger over a bony structure to assess a possible fracture is called:

percussion.

Which of the following items of information are used to develop a history of an injury?

primary complaint mechanism of injury characteristics of the symptoms disabilities from the injury related medical history

Decreased skin temperature on palpation of an injury site could indicate:

reduced circulation.

A theory that provides a framework for understanding the impact of injury on a physically active individual and contends that psychosocial factors need to be given consideration is:

the affective cycle of injury.

The action plan in a SOAP note should include which of the following items of information?

the immediate treatment given to the injured individual the frequency and duration of treatments, therapeutic modalities, and exercises evaluation standards to determine progress toward the goals ongoing patient education criteria for discharge

Which of the following best illustrates a symptom?

tinnitus