CM 4211 Final
scheduling disappears
As total float disappears
"Responsible" has to do with the full conformance with the bid requirements
F
"Responsiveness" has to do with the qualifications of the bidders
F
A 48-hour clause gives a contractor the right to terminate a subcontract after giving 48 hour written notice to the subcontractor
F
A Louisiana requirement for a contract is parties legally incapable of contracting
F
A claim for breach does not require privity of contract
F
A conventional joint venture requires all of its joint venture to be licensed contractors if the venture is for a construction project, even if one of the joint venturers is only a "money man"
F
A differing site condition clause is an exculpatory clause
F
A foreign corporation is always one formed in another country
F
A limited waiver of immunity is an important clause in any private construction contract
F
A lockout is when a union goes on strike illegally
F
A non-union construction contractor has no need to be familiar with the labor agreements
F
A proprietorship may use any name it wants without restriction
F
A steward gets paid at the same rate as other workers in his craft
F
A steward is a union employee (and not an employee of the contractor) on a project
F
An S corporation is taxed at corporate tax levels
F
Another one of the general rules for withdrawal of a bid is that it must be capable of subject determination
F
Because of the doctrine of promissory estoppel, a contractor can always rely on a bid from a subcontractor when including it in the contractor's estimate and bid
F
Because the contractor "owns" the project until it has been accepted by the owner, destruction of some or all of the project prior to acceptance is always the liability of the contractor
F
Benefits cost the construction contractor more on an hours-worked basis than on an hours-paid basis
F
Consideration is always measured in money
F
If a bid mistake is found by the contractor, the only relief for the contractor is withdrawal of the bid
F
If an owner contracts with an A/E for design services, the A/E is the owner's agent in that contract
F
If the prime contractor purchases a surety bond, the obligee will always be the owner
F
In a partnership dissolution, a commercial lender gets paid after a partner lender
F
Joint venture participation percentages are based on the number of members in the venture
F
LLC's are always taxed like a partnership
F
Losses due to a war are usually covered by a builder's risk policy
F
Most contract breaches are intentional
F
One of the general rules for withdrawal of a bid is if there is a mistake regarding the materials to be used in the project
F
Recission of the contract is the way to enforce the doctrine of mistake during the bid review period
F
So long as a contractor has a written contract with an individual to provide services for the contractor, the individual will never be considered a statutory employee of the contractor
F
The Louisiana Private Works Act covers only two tiers of subcontractors under the prime contractor
F
The contractor should wait until it is awarded the contract to evaluate all of the contract provisions
F
The identification of the funding bank is one of the four main things that should be in an advertisement for bids on a public project
F
The main reason for an excusable delay is late delivery of materials to the project site
F
The manager of a joint venture is always the member with the largest participation percentage
F
The union hiring hall provisions prohibit a construction contractor from specifying any particular employees from the union
F
The worst way to handle claims is to anticipate them and avoid them
F
Unions prefer a 40-hour workweek to an 8-hour workday when it comes to overtime pay
F
Under the Miller Act a claimant has 60 days after substantial completion to file its claim
F, 90 days
Proximate costs are those directly related to the work, but never include profit and overhead
F, AND included in profit and over head
Manifestations of intent are not important if the express contract terms are unclear
F, ARE important
"CSI" stands for construction specification industry
F, Construction Specifications Institute
Misrepresentation by the owner does not give the contractor relief in the absence of a differing site conditions clause
F, DOES
The changes clause usually does not give the owner the unilateral right to make changes to the contract
F, DOES
"F.O.B." means freight overboard
F, Freight on board
A contractor is not entitled to overhead and profit if a force account method is used when a change in the work occurs
F, IS entitled
An "LLC" stands for limited liability corporation
F, Limited Liability Company
The courts may not enforce liquidated damages if they are a reasonable approximation of the actual damages
F, MAY enforce
The main advantage to an owner of using a cost-plus-percentage fee is the incentive for the contractor to hold down construction costs
F, No incentive for profit in CPPF for GC
An income statement shows the nature and amount of a company's income at a particular point in time
F, PERIOD in time
The normal relief for force majeure is a cost a cost adjustment
F, TIME adjustment
A suspension of work is an order from the owner to permanently stop performance of all or part of the work
F, Temporarily stop
Differing site conditions clauses almost always require the constructor to notify the owner in writing of the changed condition after the change work is completed
F, after the change work is STARTED
The Louisiana Public Works Act covers only two tiers of subcontractors under the prime contractor
F, all tiers
Arbitration results are not binding on the parties to the arbitration
F, are binding
Material suppliers are almost always covered by a payment bond provided that they can prove their materials were used in the project
F, are never covered
Mediation results are binding on the parties to the mediation
F, are not binding
Substantial performance is achieved when the project can be used by the owner for the intended purpose after the punch list items are completed
F, before punch list items are completed
Completion of the work before the original contract deadline is one of the four elements required to prove construction acceleration
F, before the ADJUSTED contract deadline
A termination of the project by the owner may be only effective as to a part of the project and not the entire project
F, can be entire project
If the Physical Conditions Reports are included in the bid documents, they can always be relied on by the contractor even if there is a disclaimer made by the owner
F, can't rely on if disclaimer is made
The bid form itself is drafted and completed by the owner
F, completed by contractor
A builder's risk policy pays for lost consequential damages (such as reputation) suffered by the construction contractor
F, consequential damages only available as an additional coverage, for an additional premium.
The frequency of progress payments will be found in the General Conditions
F, contract
The traditional approach is for the owner to have one contract with a design-build company rather than a contract with a designer and a contract with a builder
F, contract with AE, CM, and GC
The cost of materials stored onsite, but not yet incorporated into the project, will be owed by the owner to the contractor even when there is no provision in the contract documents to do so
F, cost of work performed or material incorporated in project at time of billing
A builder's risk policy covers the risk the contractor has underbid the project
F, covers loss or damage to building throughout the time of its construction, up until the time of its acceptance from the contractor at the time of completion of the contract. Covers risks of owner and the contractor. Condition of construction loan.
Interpretation of the contract is something that is decided by the owner
F, decided by courts
Forward pricing is determined by the owner alone as an equitable adjustment of cost when a change in the work occurs
F, determined by owner and contractor
The "measured mile analysis" is the preferred method of determining time-related delays in work performance
F, determining time-DECREASED EFFICIENCY in work performance
In general, Louisiana partnership agreements have to be in writing
F, do not
A public liability policy does not cover a worker away from the jobsite on a job-related mission
F, does cover
A differing site condition clause relieves the contractor from having to do a pre-bid site inspection
F, does not relieve
An addendum is a change, modification, correction, or addition to the contract documents during construction
F, during bidding period
Damages are owed for an anticipatory breach only if the breach thereafter occurs
F, even if the breach thereafter does not occur
The owner has a duty to give a time extension some time before the project is completed when a supported claim is made
F, give extension at a reasonable time before completion
A bid bond guarantees that if the principal is the low bidder, the principle will enter into the contract. It guarantees nothing else
F, if principal is responsible and responsive
Most contract breaches are breaches of the express provisions in the contract, as opposed to being for implied obligations
F, implied provisions
Disclosure of superior knowledge must be an express warranty in the contract
F, implied warranty
Public liability policies provide liability coverage for a construction contractor in the event the owner is hurt on the jobsite
F, in event the third party is hurt on the job site
Documentation is the reason for the hearsay rule
F, is the EXCEPTION
Laborers get paid in preference to everybody under the Louisiana Private Works Act
F, laborers get paid according to owner or contractors preference
An "escalation" clause may be included in a short-term lump sum contract
F, long term contracts
The higher the deductible, the higher the premium
F, lower the premium
A cardinal change is a violation of the public bid laws if it is made on a private project
F, made on a PUBLIC project
The penal sum on a performance bond is the amount the surety must pay to the obligee if the performance is faulty
F, maximum amount surety must pay owner
A long-term contract is one that takes more than one year to perform
F, more than one FISCAL year
Liquidated damages are a common law breach remedy
F, not common law
Additional money for a differing sit condition is an implied right of the contractor
F, not implied. Must be written
If a "no-pay-without-signed-change-order" provision is in a construction contract, there must be a signed change order prior to the change work being done or the contractor has no chance of getting paid
F, not prior. Contractor proceeds with work
A construction contractor's claim is resolved by an owner's denial of proposal for a contract change in time or price
F, not resolved bu TRIGGERED
A cardinal change is one whose six dis such that it is clearly within the general scope of the contract
F, not within general scope of contract
A prime contract is any contract is which one of the parties is a construction contractor
F, one of the parties is an owner
A contractor's equipment floater policy covers the equipment onsite owned by the owner
F, owned by contractor
Under Louisiana Law, damages are owed from the moment of a passive breach occurring
F, owned from moment of an active breach occurring
In a prime construction contract, a bank will be the source of funding for the project
F, owner is source of funding
Under Louisiana Law, an active breach requires a putting in default (i.e., notice)
F, passive breach requires a putting in default
A subcontractor controls how and when work is done
F, prime contractor has control of when subcontractor work is done
Whether or not a bidder on a public project is responsible must be determined at the bid opening
F, responsive
Failure to sign the bid bond is a violation of the "responsibility" standard
F, responsiveness
The right for a contractor to voluntarily accelerate work must be included in the contract
F, right for an OWNER to REQUIRE
In general, courts will enforce "no-damages-for-delay" clauses if the delay results from active owner interference
F, says owner will not be liable to contractor due to delays
A purchase order is usually a first-tier contract
F, second tier
The owner has the implied right to direct acceleration
F, to CONSTRUCTIVE acceleration
A Type I differing site condition is one that is not normally encountered during the contracted type of construction
F, type ll
"XCU" stands for explosion, collapse, and umbrella
F, underground not umbrella
If work is subject to approval by an A/E, the A/E's decision will almost never be binding unless it is manifestly arbitrary or in bad faith
F, will always
A construction contractor will not be entitled to profit on the unfinished work in a contract if the owner terminates the project for convenience
F, will be entitled if terminated for convenience
Fast-track services work especially well in the traditional approach
F, work best when prime contract is design-build, designer and contractor are 1
A court may ignore a contract requirement of a written change order if there are contemporaneous words, acts, or conduct, or earlier patterns of behavior suggesting that a written change is necessary
F, written change is NOT necessary
"F.O.B. material supplier" mean that the sale is complete at the material supply house and the construction contractor is liable for damages during transportation to the jobsite
T
"Force account" is another name for the "cost of work" method of resolving a claim
T
"He said she said" is an example of hearsay
T
"Materials" are things that become part of the finished product
T
"ORD" stands for "Owner Responsible Delay"
T
A "capital call" is when the working capital of a joint venture is exhausted and additional money is needed
T
A "no-damages-for-delay" clause will still entitle the contractor to a time extension
T
A "take it or leave it" contract is a contract adhesion
T
A "variation-in-quanties" clause may be included in a unit-price contract
T
A Louisiana requirement for a contract is a certain object
T
A bench trial is one where the judge decides the law and the facts of the case
T
A builder's risk policy may terminate when substantial completion is reached
T
A change clause in a construction contract is not an exculpatory clause that excuses the owner for payment of increased amounts caused by a change in the work
T
A change directive is a written document signed by the owner and the architect to the contractor describing the change in work but not the adjustments of time and cost
T
A claim under the Louisiana Private Works Act must include, among other things, the name of the claimant, a legal description of the project property site, and why the claimed amount is owed
T
A compensable delay entitles the contractor to a cost and/or time adjustment
T
A construction change is a change to the work ordered by the owner but which the owner feels does not require a change order
T
A construction manager may contract with an owner as the owner's agent, and then may convert into an at-risk construction manager during construction
T
A constructive change requires prompt notice by the contractor to the owner to allow the contractor to get paid for the change work
T
A contractor can still be assessed damages for missing milestone completion dates even if the contractor finishes the entire contract timely
T
A contractor has no standing to protest a bid unless it has submitted a bid
T
A corporate shareholder is immune from liability for company actions in the capacity as shareholder
T
A corporation is a juridical person created under the laws of a state
T
A delay in the work may be caused by owner interference
T
A differing site condition is one of the three main reasons for delays in construction contracting
T
A fixed price contract holds more risk for the contractor than a cost plus contract
T
A good construction contractor does not like owner provided insurance
T
A graveyard shift worker gets paid more for 8 hours of work than a day shift worker
T
A joint venture is an entity seperate from its members
T
A joint venture is like a partnership, but is for one project
T
A lawsuit is not one of the alternative dispute resolution methods
T
A letter of transmittal does not require a response
T
A lien discharge bond is used to secure when there was no payment bond on the project
T
A liquidity ratio shows the ability of a company to meet its financial obligations
T
A named peril builder's risk policy covers only the perils named in the policy and any endorsements
T
A partnership has a "flow-through" type of tax treatment
T
A partnership may gave a disproportionate allocation of gains and losses
T
A payment bond guarantees payment to subcontractors and material suppliers (and others).
T
A performance bond guarantees the performance of the principal
T
A premium modifier of less than one is good for the construction contractor
T
A renter of equipment must give a copy of the written rental agreement to a private owner under the Louisiana Private Works Act in order to have claim rights under the Act
T
A replacement value equipment floater policy is the most expensive form of such a policy
T
A subcontract should be used if an entity is going to be doing significant onsite work
T
A subcontracting clause in a labor agreement requires a subcontractor on a project subject to the labor agreement to agree to be bound by the terms of the labor agreement
T
A surety is a hired guarantee
T
A temporary structure at the jobsite is covered by a builder's risk policy
T
A third-party beneficiary relationship must be intended
T
A third-party indemnitor is not a party to the surety bond
T
Accelerated depreciation gives a faster write-off of an asset in its first years of service life.
T
Acceleration is the completion of contract work at a more rapid pace than required by the contract
T
Accuracy of contract representations by the contractor is an implied obligation of the owner
T
All documentation should answer the questions "when" and "what"
T
An "item" joint venture is when two or more entities unite to each provide certain services needed for the project for which the joint venture was formed
T
An LLC may be managed by a "manager" or by the members
T
An LLC may have perpetual duration
T
An all-risk builder's risk policy covers all risks except those specifically excluded
T
An appeal may result in the trial court's judgement being reversed
T
An endorsement to an insurance policy may provide additional coverage
T
An exculpatory clause in the contract relieving the owner from payment for changes almost never outweighs a differing site conditions clause
T
An item join venture has no capital calls because each joint venturer provides the necessary funds for its own part of the project
T
An offer is a unconditional willingness to enter into a contract
T
An owner may terminate a construction contract for convenience
T
An umbrella policy may raise the limits of coverage
T
An unconditional agreement with an offer is an acceptance
T
Another one of the general rules for withdrawal of a bid is that it cannot be a judgmental mistake
T
Apparent authority is created by actions of a party that may be different than the express authority
T
Arbitration findings can be appealed except in cases of bad faith, exclusion of evidence, or failure to disclose possible prejudice
T
Arbitration is heard by one or more persons knowledgeable in the field being arbitrated
T
Arbitration is les formal than litigation
T
Authority is the ability to act or make a decision without the necessity of obtaining approval from a superior
T
Building codes are enforced by the use of permits, inspections, and testing reports
T
Closed specifications are when only one proprietary product will be accepted
T
Constructive acceleration is the forced completion of contract work in a shorter period than should have been allowed by the issuance of a properly supported contract time extension
T
Constructive notice is when the owner is charged with knowledge of a delay even though the construction contractor does not give actual notice of the delay
T
Contractor failure to sign the bid form is a major irregularity that will almost always, or always, result in rejection of the bid
T
Contractors prefer a broad list of excusable delays
T
Cost-plus-fixed fee contracts incent the contractor to finish quickly
T
Course of dealing is determined by how the owner and the construction contractor performed on prior contracts
T
Customs and trade practices are not considered when determining the clarity of the express contract terms
T
Deceleration of the project (the owner ordering a slow down) is a condition subject to the changes clause even though it gives the contractor additional time to do the project
T
Differing site conditions are found in the AIA General Conditions under "concealed conditions" or "unknown or unforeseen conditions"
T
Diversity is one of the three ways to get into a federal court; "diversity" has to do with the parties being from different states
T
Documentation is another name for well kept job records
T
Documentation is best when it is kept daily
T
Failure of the owner to promptly investigate a differing site condition is a breach of contract by the owner
T
Flow-down language in a purchase order incorporates the prime contract provisions
T
Force majeure means a condition beyond the control of a party
T
If a construction contractor wins his claim, then mutual acceptance of adjustments may be one of the three methods of resolving the claim
T
If a contractor does not submit a bid, he cannot protest the bids after the bid opening
T
If a purchase order from a contractor contains a "no-pay-until-paid" provision (but without a "condition precedent" provision), the material supplier will be owed payment by the contractor even if the contractor never is paid by the owner
T
If an owner does not timely respond to a contractor's claim, then he will be deemed to have denied the claim
T
If the obligation of an owner to pay the contractor is not expressly in the contract, then it is implied
T
If the owner's field rep. is not authorized to issue change orders, a contractor who performs such a change may not get paid for the change work
T
If work is delayed by the owner, but the contractor still completes the work within the contract time limits, the contractor may be entitled to a cost adjustment
T
Impact costs are consequential costs not directly related to the work
T
Improper termination of a contract may subject an owner to consequential damages, in addition to actual damages
T
In a guaranteed maximum price contract the contractor can loose money
T
In a letter of notice, a position is taken as well as a basis for believing the position is correct
T
In a mini trial, each party selects a trier and presents the case like a trial
T
In an AIA prime construction contract, the contractor always has control over the means, methods, techniques, and sequences of the construction work, unless specifically provided otherwise
T
In an AIA standard form contract, if there is any bias it is in favor of the owner
T
In general, late bids on a public project are rejected
T
In order for a claim to be valid, it must be proven that the claimant is entitled to an adjustment and the amount of the adjustment
T
In order to introduce documentation into evidence it cannot have been prepared for the specific purpose of use in litigation
T
In the accural method of accounting, income is recognized when it is earned even if it has not been received
T
Job fencing and sanitary facilities are two examples of general conditions (or general construction or general requirements) work usually done by the prime contractor
T
Liquidated damages are an agreed upon amount per day for each day that the contract is finished after the adjusted completion date
T
Liquidated damages are an agreed-upon daily amount for finishing late
T
Liquidated damages are not a penalty
T
Materiality of a breach may be determined by the response of the non-breaching party at the time of the breach
T
Mediation results are not admissible in a later litigation
T
Most negotiated contracts use a cost-plus fee arrangement
T
On a construction project, purchase orders may be used for more than just the purchase of materials used at the site
T
On change work, the contractor may be entitled to impact costs in addition to proximate costs provided that the contractor can prove such impact costs
T
One of the defining characteristics of a corporation is perpetual duration (until liquidation)
T
One of the options a surety has on a performance bond, if it is called upon, is to assist the principal to remedy the default
T
One of the stumbling blocks to recovery on a differing site conditions claim is the keeping of adequate records to support the damage amount
T
Performance of a contract in Louisiana "to the owner's satisfaction" means to the satisfaction of what a "reasonable" man could expect
T
Preemptive rights gives a shareholder the ability to maintain its proportional share of the ownership of the company
T
Premiums to pay for a workers' compensation policy are almost always based on payroll
T
Privity is the existence of a contractual relationship
T
Prompt notification by the contractor to the owner of a differing site condition may be waived by the courts if it is determined that the lack of notice did not prejudice the rights of the owner
T
Public projects require a factual determination of the low bid
T
Public projects require payment bonds
T
Purchasing and inspection are two of the parts of procurement
T
Quantum meruit is not a theory of recovery; rather, it is a mthod of measurement of damages
T
Reading the contract "as a whole" means that an interpretation must be considered in context
T
Retainage (or retention) is an amount kept by the owner from progress payments owed to the contractor primarily for the purpose of making sure the contractor finishes the project correctly
T
Risk can only be mitigated, not eliminated
T
Shipping instructions in a purchase order should include how the materials are to be packaged and marked
T
Straight-line depreciation writes off the depreciable value of an asset at a uniform rate throughout its service life
T
Subcontracts should not be signed until after the prime contract is signed
T
Supplemental conditions are a part of a construction contract
T
Supplementary Conditions change or add to the General Conditions and are project specific
T
Support functions provided by a construction company's home office may be almost as vital to a project's success as the management of the field operations
T
The "owner" under the Louisiana Private Works Act may be someone other than the actual owner of the land on which the project is being constructed.
T
The Federal Construction Contract Procurement Policy requires a public bid opening and reading of all bids at a specified place and time to allow for public knowledge
T
The Miller Act covers only two tiers of subcontractors under the prime contractor
T
The Spearin Doctrine primarily has to do with the implied warranty of accuracy and sufficiency of the plans and specs
T
The cardinal rule of good contract administration is to put it in writing
T
The completed bid form is an offer
T
The completed method of accounting allows a contractor not to recognize income until the project is completed
T
The doctrine of contra proferentem is only considered a last resort
T
The doctrine of contra proferentem states the contract will be construed against the drafter of the document when all other manifestations do not resolve the problem
T
The failure of the owner to timely grant a time extension may result in constructive acceleration
T
The findings of a dispute review board are admissible in a later litigation
T
The findings of a dispute review board are not binding on the parties
T
The five threshold red flag construction contract clauses are (1) dispute resolution, (2) changes, (3) differing site conditions, (4) suspensions and delays, and (5) terminations and partial terminations
T
The force account method of equitable adjustment of cost when a change in the work occurs requires daily records be kept of the change work agreed to by the owner's representative on a daily basis
T
The four most important things that should be in an advertisement (for a construction project) are: (1) project identification (type of work and location), (2) owner/designer identificiation, (3) time and place for the bid opening, and (4) instructions how to get the bid documents.
T
The general partner in a limited partnership must have substance or the limited partners may be considered general partners
T
The general scope of the work depends on the size of the project, the type of construction work, and the intended purpose of the project contemplated when the contract is signed
T
The health and safety of employees and injury to third parties are two of the many risks a construction contractor needs to consider when purchasing insurance
T
The inability to provide access to the work sire by the owner is considered "owner interference"
T
The job diary is a routine job record
T
The list of duties for a given position in a company is called an organization chart
T
The most important provision regarding claims is the notice requirements
T
The penal sum of a surety bond is the most a surety will have to pay
T
The prime contractor is always the principle on a surety bond on a construction project
T
The principle promises the surety that if in the event a bond is called upon and the surety pays, the principal will repay the surety
T
The principle reason for licensing of contractors is to keep incompetent people out of the industry
T
The public owner has duty to verify a low bid if a mistake is suspected
T
The servicing of trash disposal containers at a construction site is an example of a purchase order for services
T
The three sources of liability are contract, tort, and statutory
T
The time provisions in a construction contract are usually measured in calendar days
T
The two main reason of giving notice to the owner of a delay is to start the delay time period and to give the owner time the opportunity to do something about the delay, if possible
T
The type of work and the state in which the project is located are the two factors that affect workers' compensation premiums
T
The writer of the documentation must have been present when the events in the documentation were recorded and/or in a position to have accurate knowledge of the events in order for the documentation to be introduced into evidence
T
There is an implied obligation for the owner to provide access to the construction site
T
Time is a red flag provision that affects the amount of the bid, not whether or not to proceed with an estimate
T
To prove course of dealing necessarily requires parole evidence
T
To support a claim for a time extension, a construction contractor must support the claim by showing the delay was beyond its control and that it consumed time affecting completion of the project
T
Under the Louisiana Private Works Act a subcontractor may have the right to enforce its claim against the owner and the land and improvements that was the subject of the project
T
Under the Louisiana Public Works Act a claimant has 45 days after the recording of a notice of termination to file its claim
T
Under the doctrine of promissory estoppel, a contractor has to prove that the subcontractor knew the contractor would rely on the bid from the subcontractor
T
Under the doctrine of promissory estoppel, a contractor's reliance on a bid from a subcontractor must be reasonable
T
Under the federal contract changes clause, the government may make changes to the project without notice to the surety
T
Under the federal contract changes clause, the government may not change the general provisions of the contract, and it also cannot change the general scope of the contract
T
Union jurisdiction has to do with the type of work and the geographical extent
T
Union security provisions require membership in the union as a condition of employment
T
Unless the prime contract provides otherwise, a prime contractor may use as many subcontractors as it wants
T
Usually, an item joint venture will not own equipment in its own name
T
Whether a construction project will require union labor or not is something that will be found in the Supplementary Conditions or the agreement
T
Will the owner be compelled to carry out changes made by the contractor is one of the three questions contractor must ask when reviewing the change procedure in a construction contract
T
With a dispute review board, each party selects a member of the board shortly after the contract is signed
T
With strict liability proof of fault is unnecessary
T
Workers' compensation is a government imposed liability on employers whose employees are injured or killed while performing employment duties
T
a "set-aside" is work to be done by a disadvantaged business enterprise
T
early start of an activity can be delayed, duration can be extended or combo of both
When float is available
max time that its actual completion date can extend beyond its earliest finish time and not delay the entire project
total float
delay will not delay completion of the project if the total float is available as long as all of that float is not consumed by delay
when contractor is delayed but has total float
.
x.