Collagen Synthesis

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covalent bonds called "_________" are formed within and between the tropocollagen molecules in the collagen fibrils and fibers of collagen

"cross links"

this enzyme causes transformation in pro-collagen molecule into a tropocollagen molecule that aggregates into fibrils then collagen fibers

collagenase

process that gives collagen its strength

cross-linking (cross-link formation)

what are some disorders where collagen synthesis impaired

Marfan syndrome Ehler-Danlos syndrome Osteogenesis imperfecta

what facilitates hydroxylation of the procollagen chain

ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Scurvy - vit C deficiency causes issues with collagen formation as hydroxylation is suppreses

where does cross-link formation occur on the tropocollagen

between and within the triple helix structures on the tropocollagen

what helps degrade collagen to be broken down by proteases and allows for proper maintenance and repair of the tissues

collagenases

Enzymatic process of stabilizing procollagen alpha chains to procollagen molecules through weak hydrogen bonds

hydroxylation

where is the procollagen (polypeptide) chain made in the fibroblast

in the RER

what is stimulated to begin collagen synthesis

integrin

what helps stimulate the production or the collagen gene for procollagen in the nucleus of the fibroblast

integrin + Growth factors --> MAPK signaling = polypeptide chain formation

what happens after post-translational modifications occur to the triple helix pro-collagen

it is secreted into the ECM by the fibroblast

how is integrin stimulated for collagen synthesis and adaptive response

mechanical loading = mechanotransduction

what are the main factors that regulate collagen synthesis

mechanotransduction and growth factors

where does the process of collagen synthesis begin

membrane of the fibroblast cell

what disease affects collagen degradation with increased collagen degrading enzymes

rheumatoid arthritis

what enhances cross-link formation of collagen

the application of controlled stressors to the tissue - collagen will align to the stress lines

what is formed during hydroxylation to help stabilize the procollagen

the triple helix structure with hydroxylated amino acids by weak hydrogen bonds

procollagen structure

three polypeptide chains coiled and held together by weak bonds into a triple helix

when is the collagen susceptible to being broken down by proteases

when tropocollagen is denatured/degraded degradation > procollagen synthesis

how do genetic defects effect collagen formation

~Genetic abnormalities in the procollagen chains ~Deficiencies of the enzymes that control post-translational processing (ie. Hydroxylation) (scurvy)


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