Comm 101 Final Exam Review

The word communication comes from the Latin communicare, which means

"to make common."

At what age do people, on average, begin receiving specialized attention based on physical attractiveness?

4 years old

College students spend approximately what proportion of their time listening to others and the mass media?

50 percent

Which term refers to communication between two people

Dyadic communication

Which of the following is the best example of selective attention?

She immediately spotted the guy with the earring who looked so much like someone she had known before

Which of the following does NOT mean that "words are arbitrary"?

Words have inherent meaning

A speech on the qualities that make a fine athlete in the sport of soccer is likely to be using which pattern of organization? Select one: a. topical-sequence pattern b. causal-sequence pattern c. problem/solution pattern d. spatial-sequence pattern

a

According to William Schultz, three interpersonal needs that are satisfied through interaction with others are Select one: a. inclusion, affection, and control. b. physical well-being, safety, and security. c. inclusion, self-actualization, and socialization. d. esteem, affection, and control.

a

Children with higher levels of language development are more likely to Select one: a. have more efficient working memory. b. have less efficient working memory. c. develop better hearing skills. d. develop less effective hearing skills.

a

Cora gave his informative speech on "the environment." What is a valid critique of this speech? Select one: a. The topic is too broad. b. The topic is too narrow. c. There is not enough information about the topic. d. The topic is overdone.

a

The preferred way to avoid an ethnocentric perspective is to Select one: a. be cautious about assuming similarity and recognize differences among people. b. deny differences, because stating that you recognize them can only get you into trouble. c. assume that other individuals would prefer to think and act as you do. d. discover what you have in common, but assume that others are fundamentally different.

a

The purposeful use of symbols to allow multiple interpretations of messages is called: Select one: a. strategic ambiguity b. crisis communication c. interaction management d. conflict management e. customer service management

a

To rebut an argument means to Select one: a. argue against it. b. support it. c. provide evidence for it. d. provide additional arguments for it.

a

When you organize your experiences by type, which type of résumé are you using? Select one: a. functional b. chronological c. spatial d. problem-based

a

Which of the following affects retention most positively? Select one: a. showing and telling an audience the message b. telling an audience the message c. showing an audience the message through visual aids d. having the audience visualize the message

a

Which of the following topics suggests an operational definition? Select one: a. the construction of a bird cage b. the origins of Unitarianism c. the delights of Jamaica d. descriptions of dogs with accompanying slides

a

Which of the following topics would be most appropriate for an informative speech? Select one: a. how to perform emergency first aid b. benefits of recycling and why you should recycle c. why you should vote Republican d. why you should avoid alcohol

a

Which of the following was NOT cited in the text as one of the special skills of informative speaking? Select one: a. changing people's future actions b. defining what a concept is c. describing how something is d. narrating or telling a story

a

Wisdom, freedom, and security are all examples of Select one: a. values. b. attitudes. c. inferences. d. beliefs.

a

Who is more likely to use touch as a means of communicating?

a black woman from Puerto Rico

Small-group communication occurs in

a small group of people

Language that puts down people for being young or old is

ageist language

As the woman shaded her eyes with her open hand on her brow, she said, "Wow, is it ever bright out here." The nonverbal cue here is

an illustator

According to the textbook, first impressions

are based on comparisons to ourselves

"The University should add public speaking as a graduation requirement" is an example of a proposition of Select one: a. fact. b. policy. c. proof. d. value.

b

A relationship in which the two people are very similar is called Select one: a. a complementary relationship. b. a symmetrical relationship. c. a cost-benefit relationship. d. an independent relationship.

b

Acme company has a mission statement that is open to interpretation. Many stakeholders identify with it. Their mission statement is Select one: a. validated. b. ambiguous. c. interactive. d. informational.

b

Angela tells Richard that he will not receive a raise unless he agrees to give her a massage. This is what type of sexual harassment? Select one: a. submissive b. quid pro quo c. hostile environment d. matriarchal

b

Conditions in the workplace that are sexually offensive or intimidating are known as Select one: a. quid pro quo. b. hostile. c. unacceptable. d. normal.

b

In which type of culture would it be more likely for extended family members to live with nuclear family members? Select one: a. individualistic b. collectivistic c. Sometime d. On-time

b

Kevin and Paul are having a conversation in which Kevin says, "All gay men are very effeminate." What type of intercultural communication problem might Kevin be engaging in? Select one: a. ethnocentrism b. stereotyping c. cultural relativism d. assimilation

b

Orlando gave his persuasive speech on why the class should participate in the campus recycling program. Initially, the views of very few students were changed. However, after a few months, most of the class was participating. Orlando's speech could be said to have Select one: a. a persuasive cause. b. a sleeper effect. c. source credibility. d. dynamism.

b

Paraphrasing is the act of Select one: a. repeating what you think you heard. b. repeating what you think you heard in your own words. c. reporting what you think you heard in the same words you think you heard. d. responding to what you think you heard with a creative interpretation of what you think you heard.

b

The army is what type of organization? Select one: a. economic production b. political c. pattern maintenance d. integration

b

When you paraphrase the speaker's message and intent, ask questions, or invite corrections, you are Select one: a. encountering a barrier to listening. b. checking your understanding or perception of the speaker. c. engaging in listening for enjoyment. d. employing nonverbal listening behaviors.

b

Which culture fears silence rather than embracing it? Select one: a. Japanese b. European American c. Amish d. Native American

b

Which of the following is a good example of a complementary relationship? Select one: a. She likes him a lot, but he doesn't think much of her. b. She is shy, and he likes to speak for both of them. c. She and he are both good at math, so together they do the family budget. d. She and he like food, so they both enjoy every meal.

b

Which of the following is an example of hearing rather than listening? Select one: a. He heard what she said and responded with an appropriate answer. b. The sound of firecrackers filled the nighttime air. c. He heard the sound outside and decided that the noise must have been a car accident. d. She heard his cry for help and reacted by immediately calling the rescue squad.

b

Which of the following is the best example of an uncertainty-rejecting culture? Select one: a. Sweden b. Japan c. Denmark d. United States

b

Which of the following reasons is NOT given in your text for why you should study small-group communication? Select one: a. Groups are everywhere. b. It is more fun to do things with a group of people rather than as an individual. c. Small groups are a means of participating in the democratic process. d. Groups meet needs that people cannot meet as individuals.

b

Which of the following statements concerning source credibility is consistent with the textbook? Select one: a. Source credibility is a generalized trait that means that a person with high credibility can be highly credible for a large range and variety of audiences. b. Source credibility is an audience perception that must be established every time a person gives a speech to an audience. c. Source credibility is an earned commodity that you get by having a known reputation, a good relationships with others, and respectability. d. Source credibility is limited to the speech itself.

b

A school is what type of organization? Select one: a. political b. integration c. pattern-maintenance d. economic production

c

Approximately what percentage of workers report in polls that their time spent working in meetings could be more productive? Select one: a. 35% b. 55% c. 75% d. 95%

c

During an interview for a waitress job, Mr. Mitchell (the interviewer) asks Kelly (the interviewee) if she is married or has any children. This is a violation of the requirement to limit questions to those regarding Select one: a. personal characteristics. b. protected classes. c. bona fide occupational qualifications. d. reasonable public accommodations.

c

In the Monroe Motivated sequence, the step in which you attempt to get the audience to see how they will benefit from your ideas is called the ________ step. Select one: a. attention b. action c. visualization d. need

c

The ways in which groups of people both maintain structure and order through their symbolic interactions refers to Select one: a. downward communication. b. group communication. c. organizational communication. d. public communication.

c

Two men are arguing at the bar when the smaller one says something unkind about the other's mother. The bigger fellow glares straight ahead at his opponent. He is using a nonverbal signal that is best described as being an Select one: a. illustrator. b. emblem. c. affect display. d. adaptor.

c

What is code sensitivity? Select one: a. a cognitive style that emphasizes open-mindedness about differences b. the frustration and early termination of communication in intercultural communication c. using words and nonverbal communication that are easy for the interpreter to understand d. assuming that others think and act as we do

c

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for improving intercultural communication? Select one: a. Practice supportive communication and avoid defensive communication. b. Avoid stereotyping and hasty generalizations. c. Adopt an ethnocentric perspective. d. Practice personal self-assessment

c

Which of the following is NOT included in the study of proxemics? Select one: a. distance b. space c. sound d. territoriality

c

Which of the following is an implicit characteristic of group members? Select one: a. age b. race c. individuals' worldviews d. personal artifacts

c

Which of the following is an inference? Select one: a. I see that road is narrow and curvy. b. There is no shoulder, and there is no centerline. c. The road appears dangerous for ordinary travel. d. The trees grow close to the road, thus reducing light.

c

Which of the following is most likely an example of a primary group? Select one: a. a group of workers solving a problem b. a group of students preparing a presentation c. a group of women playing cards d. a group of workers building a house

c

Which of the following statements about emotional labor is NOT true? Select one: a. Emotional labor can benefit the organization. b. Emotional labor can benefit the client. c. Emotional labor can decrease turnover. d. Emotional labor can decrease job satisfaction.

c

Which relational dialectic involves tensions surrounding the need for consistency in a relationship as well as "newness and novelty"? Select one: a. integration and separation b. expression and privacy c. stability and change d. old and new

c

Which statement below is NOT an example of ethnocentrism? Select one: a. If the Japanese would just shake hands like we do—instead of bowing—we would get along better. b. Don't you wish everyone in the world would use deodorant and perfume as Americans do? c. American workers get higher pay for less work than most people in the world. d. Americans have developed the best civilized society in history.

c

________ is where you assume that all members of a group are alike. Select one: a. Prejudice b. Ethnocentrism c. Stereotyping d. Profiling

c

If I notice that Heng and Yolanda are often together and I "fill in" my inference that they are now lovers, then I am illustrating the concept of perception called

closure.

If someone in a marginalized group tries to fit in with the dominant group, he or she is striving for what goal of intercultural communication? Select one: a. accommodation b. separation c. reflexivity d. assimilation

d

Informal communication consists of all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. the grapevine. b. emergent networks. c. natural social interactions. d. downward communication.

d

Messages between organizational members of the same power level are best described as Select one: a. formal. b. informal. c. upward. d. horizontal.

d

People who listen with empathy, acknowledge the feelings of others, and engage in dialogue to help others maintain personal control is called: Select one: a. strategic ambiguity b. negative communication c. positivity d. supportive communication e. aggressive communication

d

Pria's boyfriend Leonard doesn't tell her about his family anymore. This makes her upset with their relationship. What factor affecting self-disclosure can be identified here? Select one: a. Disclosure might be avoided for a variety of reasons. b. Disclosure tends to be reciprocal. c. Disclosure helps build relationships. d. Relational satisfaction and disclosure are curvilinearly related.

d

The concept of having shared understanding in public speaking is most closely related to which dimension of source credibility? Select one: a. trustworthiness b. dynamism c. competence d. common ground

d

The great Tennessee basketball coach Pat Summit is able to win so often because her team understands what the opponent is trying to do on offense and defense. Pat Summit is a master at knowing what types of plays the other team is going to run during the game. What type of power might she possess? Select one: a. reward power b. punishment power c. referent power d. expert power

d

When other members value the knowledge or expertise of a person, that person has Select one: a. reward power. b. designated power c. referent power. d. expert power.

d

Which approach to reducing anxiety would be best implemented through intrapersonal communication? Select one: a. visualization approach b. mediation approach c. skills approach d. positive thinking approach

d

Which of the following body movements would most likely be used to indicate liking? Select one: a. spontaneous gestures b. less eye contact c. rigid posture d. close proximity

d

Which of the following findings is true of the relationship between dress and personality? Select one: a. People who dress with comfort in mind tend to be low in self-control and introverted. b. People who dress in a decorative style tend to be unsociable and intellectual. c. People who are conformist in dress are expressive, dominant, and unrestrained in social situations. d. People who conform to current styles seek to be accepted and liked.

d

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a small group according to the textbook? Select one: a. Behavior of the group is based on norms, values, and procedures accepted by members of the group. b. Each person in the group has a sense of belonging or membership. c. Each person's success is contingent upon the success of the group in achieving its goal. d. All of the communication interaction in the group is oral, verbal communication.

d

Which of the following is NOT one of the four bodily aspects of speech delivery? Select one: a. gestures b. eye contact c. movement d. vocal variety

d

Which of the following is NOT recommended in the book as a way to select a topic? Select one: a. individual brainstorming b. self-assessment c. use of personal knowledge d. psychic review

d

Which of the following is an example of a purpose/thesis for an inspirational/motivational speech? Select one: a. This afternoon I will show you how you can mix three common household products to create your own antiseptic. b. Today I will ask you to remember three steps you can take to avoid identity theft. c. After hearing this information, you should be eager to help take steps to change the grading system on our campus. d. Our goal tonight is to honor the sacrifice made by students serving in the armed forces.

d

Which of the following is more of a long-range goal than an immediate purpose? Select one: a. The audience should remember the three main points. b. The audience should be able to state the main contents of a standard first aid kit. c. The audience should be able to demonstrate how to change a diaper without hurting the child. d. The audience should read Gore's book on the environment to increase their knowledge.

d

Which of the following statements about language is FALSE? Select one: a. Words only have meanings that people give them. b. Words also have connotative meanings. c. The context in which a word occurs helps us determine which of the possible meanings is intended. d. The meaning of a word does not change once it is included in the dictionary.

d

Which of the following would be a good example of self-disclosure? Select one: a. You tell the person you meet that you are nearly six feet tall. b. You tell the person you meet that you are an African American. c. You tell the person you meet that you are getting bald. d. You tell the person that you meet that your parents were originally from Mississippi.

d

Rosa and Mike are out on a date. During the course of conversation, Mike tells Rosa that his parents recently got divorced. After hearing this, Rosa feels compelled to tell Mike that her parents were divorced when she was very young. What factor affecting self-disclosure can be identified here?

disclosure tends to be reciprocal

Carmella and Jésus are sitting in a coffee shop having a friendly conversation. What descriptor of their communication interaction is most accurate?

dyadic communication

Which of the following activities does NOT occur in perception?

exploration

"You need to remember this because it will be on the quiz." What type of lecture cue is this statement?

importance

Juan, who is majoring in political science, is giving a speech in class about the Electoral College. During his speech, he often talks very intimately about the legal functions and rules of the Electoral College. Justin ultimately bores his audience and does not get a very strong grade. What error might Justin have committed with his language usage?

jargon

Technical language that has been developed by a professional group is known as

jargon

The phrases "This will be on your quiz Friday" and "The second type of listening is..." are examples of

lecture cues

James is at home watching a politically oriented discussion show on cable TV. One of the commentators is making arguments that are faulty, which makes James very angry. But James cannot express that to the commentator on TV. James is feeling the frustrations of which context of communication?

mass context

Which of the following would NOT be an example of an identity factor that affects perception?

mental distractions such as daydreaming

The component of communication that consists of facial expressions, words, and phrases is the

message

Encoding is the process:

of translating an idea or a thought into a code

Kelly is listening intently to her friend, Sheri, talk about her boyfriend who is leaving for a year to serve in the Army. Kelly says "mmm-hmm" during the conversation to show Sheri that she is listening. She is communicating using

paralinguistic features

The idea that our past experiences lead us to see the world in a particular way that is difficult to change is called

perceptual constancy

________ is where you have a negative attitude toward a group of people just because of who they are.

prejudice

The concept that suggests that your roommate is more likely to become your friend than a person ten blocks away is known as

proximity

When you remember how wonderful your mother was but forget how often she made you feel inadequate, then you are exhibiting the perception concept called

selective retention

Dante was walking across campus in a hurry. On the way he saw his friend Aarav, who he hadn't seen in quite some time. Dante stopped and told Aarav his cell phone number and told him to call him later. Just a few seconds after Dante left, Aarav already had forgotten the number. This would be because the information only went as far as Aarav's

short-term memory

Which of the following terms is NOT part of the definition of communication?

signs

The process of development of the self through the messages and feedback received from others is called:

symbolic interactionism

Rashi and Anita marry because they are of the same cultural background. This is most likely what type of relationship?

symmetrical

The term that refers to the arrangement of words is

syntax

One of the suggestions for being a better listener in the workplace is to "plan for nuggets." The strategy recommended for doing this involves

using a separate column in your notes.