Comm 422 Final
1st instance of photo manipulation
dates back over a century ago; a 1906 photo of the San Francisco Earthquake
Gamification
use of video game skills and conventions to solve real-world problems; in eHealth, this may provide incentives for consumers to continue to use eHealth apps and products, seeking achievement through badges
What's the fastest growing source of digital images?
Smartphones, camera sensors on smartphones have greatly improved
John McCarthy
invented the term Artificial Intelligence in a conference at Dartmouth, 1956
scarcity of bandwidth
the biggest threat to telephony services future in the US, bandwidth is needed for mobile phones and data services (wireless companies now focused on 5g networking
Why did Kodak go bankrupt?
their inability to shift their focus from film to digital photography; mismanaged investments on digital cameras
Real time Strategy games
(RTS) genre of video games developed in the late '90s that requires players to use long-term planning and thought; highly important in the esports scene
majority of digital images today....
....are saved but not printed (they "jump to screen" as we take and post images through mobile)
robots...
...have long been used in manufacturing; some have displaced human workers
Main 3 V's of Big Data
1) Volume: the amount of data is immense 2) Velocity: the speed of data (which is always in flux) and processing 3) Variety: the different types of data, structured/unstructured
Enabling factors for mobile phone services
1. Dividing service areas into cells so multiple callers could use them at once 2. Digital switching tech that allowed calls to move from tower to tower 3. Microelectronics to allow a transceiver to fit into a small box
2 categories of display files
1. Fixed layout 2. Reflowable files (often preferred)
3 sets of knowledge for researching comm tech
1. History of Comm tech 2. Understanding of major theories of tech adoption, use and effects 3. ability to apply appropriate quantitative and qualitative research methods
Major areas of growth in the telephony industry
1. Wearables, like smart watches, extend the abilities of phones 2. Mobile commerce (M-commerce), largely conducted through the phone 3. New apps which give users new ways to use their smartphones
major steps in starting a new business
1. recruit and organize a team 2. create a detailed financial plan 3. create a detailed marketing plan 4. analyze the competition
Earlier origins of Esports
1980: Atari sponsored the first gaming competition for the arcade game Space Invaders; over 10,000 players competed
How much money does the home media industry generate?
About 23 Billion dollars annually (streaming video makes up most of it)
5G technology
Allows faster data speeds, driven by the use of AR, AI, Internet of things and other innovations
Kindle
Amazon's contribution to the ebook market, introduced in 2007
Electronic Medical Records (EMR)
Computerized medical records, often stored on a centralized server. Unlike EHR, EMR is a narrower view of a patient's health history
Carbon footprint
Home video has a significant one due to energy use (depends on what's used to power devices)
IPv4 address
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address is a unique 32-bit number that identifies individual nodes on a network; was replaced by IPv6 due to the supply of unused IPv4 addresses running out
Pros and cons of self publishing ebooks
Pro: It gives authors the greatest control over their content Con: Authors would have to go through the whole process on their own (includes editing, artwork, marketing, etc)
How expensive IoT currently is
Reports say it costs $2,000 to outfit your home with basic IoT features like thermostat control, smart lighting, and home security
two ways that algorithms are created
Rule-based algorithms and Data-driven algorithms
Wearable technology
Smart devices that a person can wear or have implanted, often monitor vitals like your heart rate. They also track excercises, physical activity, sleep schedules, convulsions, seizures; the wide availability of wearables has contributed to better health outcomes
Devices that track consumer behavior
Smartphones, smart televisions, smart vehicles and smart homes; track consumer behavior to help marketers targeting effort
Which games made esports popular?
Starcraft made esports leagues and championships very popular in South Korea, in the early 2000's; later, with the launch of League of Legends in 2009, esports exploded in popularity globally
Throttling
When your ISP slow down your internet connection, because the ISP believes you are downloading excessively. Each ISP has an acceptable use policy (AUP) which specifies how this is determined and done, has become more common with the demise of net neutrality
Electronic Health Record (EHR)
a computerized lifelong health care record for an individual that incorporates data from providers who treat the individual, travels with the patient
Neural networks
a new machine learning algorithm, inspired by how the human brain works; enables artificial intelligence by allowing multiple inputs and outputs simaltaneously
eHealth
a term coined in 1999 by researchers who needed a word to describe health tech and related interests
Biggest danger to privacy in IoT
access by hackers to your personal info (we can avoid this, potentially, by using firewall and antivirus software protection)
Pixels in digital photography
aka Photosites: they can only record light in grayscale, not color. To produce color they need filters
biggest impact of big data...
an increase in profits on businesses; organizations deploy big data analytics to get significant leverage in understanding their customers and realizing more profits
Apache Hadoop
an open-source project that provides the core framwork on which dozens of other big data efforts rely; a major player in big data analytics
most important aspect of big data
analysts making sense of patterns
FCC's net neutrality rules...
are failing to provide enough protection for consumer privacy
How governments use IoT tech...
assist with water management, electrical grid management and transportation patterns.
Surveillance AI
at least 75 out of 176 countries uses AI for surveillance purposes
surveillance cameras
cameras used to watch over buildings or areas; continuing to rise in use worldwide
mimicking human intelligence
can be conceptualized in 4 aspects: thinking humanly, thinking rationally, acting humanly, and acting rationally.
Home video infrastructure...
can be divided into two categories; viewing device manufacturers and service providers
Internet of Things (IoT)
connection of objects and devices through computer-based networks
Power storage tech
critical for the advancement of electrical-powered automobiles; manufacturers are racing to find a better alternative
machine learning vs deep learning
deep learning is a subset of machine learning; Machine learning has many methods to create algorithms, deep learning is one type of approach that has greatly influenced in AI
Transmission control protocol
developed by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn in the late 70's as a way for computers on the world networks to communicate; researchers would create the modern internet based off this framework
Listservs
electronic mailing lists, where people converged to share computer files and ideas in the early days of online social networking
CompuServe
first successful general interest online service; introduced in 1969 by Jeff Wilkins, who was originally trying to streamline his father-in-law's insurance business
Current driver of Internet use
growth in mobile computing, E-commerce/M-commerce, IPTV and other entertainment content
diffusion theory
helps us understand how an innovation is adopted over time among members of a social system
eHealth tech market growth
is expected to grow significantly in the next 10 years
Instagram's popularity
largely due to the ease of use and popularity of smart phones
financial plan for business
must estimate anticipated revenues, expenses, and what money will be needed for support until first revenue is received
JCR Licklider
one of the first scientists to propose the concept of the Internet; thought of the idea of "an intergalactic network of computers" that could communicate to one another
file formats
one of two innovations in software that e-book tech capitalized on; popular file formats contained markers leading to key features of the e-book experience
How many people own cell phones?
over two-thirds of the world's population owns a cell phone; the number of smartphone users in 2022 was 6.6 billion
Esports
professional competitive gaming with the goal of a title or prize money; Does not consist of federal regulations like other spectator sports
Pro sports & esports
professional sports leagues like the NFL, NBA and NHL have created sports teams based around sports games (like Madden)
Esports & academics
some colleges provide scholarships to their esports clubs and team members
agent
term that refers to anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators
How much space do e-books take up?
the average 300-page Kindle e-book requires only 2.6 mb of storage space
General AI
the best type of artificial intelligence for performing various tasks with human-like flexible skills
Clearview AI
the controversial company that scrapes through sites like Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, LinkedIn, without users permission or knowledge; has a database of billions of photos used for facial recognition
SixDegrees
the first social media site launched in 1997, based on the idea that no two people are separated by more than six degrees of separation
Net neutrality
the idea that internet service providers (like Comcast, Verizon, etc) should treat all content flowing through their cables and cell towers equally
What slowed down e-reader sales?
the introduction of tablets was the most important factor inhibiting sales of e-readers
Betamax decision
the landmark decision from the Sony v. Universal (1984) trial, established home VCR users could record TV programming for non-commercial usage without infringing copyright; The major enabling factor for DVR's
OLED Display
the most advanced type of video display; (Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
hard work
the most important asset in starting a business related to new communications technologies
Network-connecting devices
the most important element of "smart homes"
Theodore Vail
the most important person in the early development of telephony; he led an effort to connect the countries phone signals through wires, creating the phone business
Youtube
the most used social media platform in the US as of 2020
display software
the other innovation; this afforded simple data like chapter markers, display of images and page turn locations
advertising
the primary income for social networking companies
bootstrapping
the process where entrepreneurs start their businesses with personal loans and assets, grow their business slowly and use their initial revenue to finance growth
Fake news on social media
the proliferation of fake news is a result of people believing what they want to believe
Who regulates telephony?
the telephone industry, in the US, is primarily regulated by the FCC; requires telemarketers to display their names or phone numbers on caller ID
Municipal/civic systems
these types of surveillance systems have been used in the UK since 1964
Facial recognition tech
this form of tech has created the most concern among privacy advocates
IP address
unique numeric identifiers for all digital devices connected through the internet
First Photograph
was taken and developed by Joseph Niepce, 1826
HIPAA regulations
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) this has made introducing comm tech into healthcare more difficult, many forms of frequently used communication are not HIPAA compliant
When did government surveillance in the US begin?
1919
the 1st esports championship
1997: "Red Annihilation" event attracted over 2,000 gamers to compete in the first-person shooter Quake
Of all 7.7 billion people in the world...
4.4 billion are active internet users
The 4th V
IBM suggested Veracity as the 4th V; others have since then suggested big data is also measured in Value and Viability
esports popularity
In 2019, over 450 million viewers, globally, tuned in to esports events
When was the 1st ebook created?
In the 1970s, Michael S. Hart was credited with creating the first ebook
Other types of machine learning
Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, and Reinforcement
Who manages URL's and web addresses?
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
The Internet vs the World Wide Web
The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web, also referred formally as World Wide Web (www) is collection of information which is accessed via the Internet. In other words, the internet is an application that makes the www more accessible
e-ink
The most important technical advance in the creation of e-readers; An e-reader technology that creates a screen that is easy on the eyes and most like the experience of reading a printed book
How is home video programming primarily distributed?
Through cable TV services, streaming services, and social media platforms
John Mashey
chief scientist at Silicon Graphics, deserves recognition of first understanding and articulating the phenomenon of big data in the mid-90's
What Big Data requires...
companies must have huge servers to store data, or access to the cloud
IoT tech differences from country to country
countries with the highest machine-to-machine penetration rates are highly industrialized, w/ advanced economies, includes Northern European nations like Sweden, Finland etc
Snapchat
created by two Stanford students, Evan Spiegel and Robert Murphy in 2011 (it was originally called Picaboo)