COMM- Chapter 22

Dialectic differs from rhetoric in that dialectic A. deals with certainty. B. is one person addressing many. C. tries to demonstrate truth that has already been found. D. deals with probability.

A. deals with certainty.

An audience that believes a speaker has their best interest at heart is being persuaded by A. goodwill. B. perceived intelligence. C. virtuous character. D. None of the above is correct

A. goodwill.

Aristotle's belief that good speakers need to use logic and sound evidence forms his concept of A. logos . B. ethos. C. pathos. D. mythos.

A. logos .

A speaker who states that his audience should believe her because she has experience in the area of computers is making her case using Aristotle's concept of A. logos. B. ethos. C. pathos. D. mythos.

B. ethos.

Aristotle refers to the speaker's credibility as a matter of A. logos . B. ethos. C. pathos. D. mythos.

B. ethos.

Practical wisdom and shared values are part of ethos in that they enhance A. goodwill. B. perceived intelligence. C. virtuous character. D. None of the above is correct

B. perceived intelligence.

If a scholar focused on the skillful use of a metaphor, she or he would be interested in A. delivery. B. style. C. memory. D. invention.

B. style.

Aristotle called a ceremonial speech that heaps praise or blame on another for the benefit of present day audiences A. deliberative. B. forensic. C. epideictic. D. None of the above is correct

C. epideictic.

Critics argue that Aristotle theory views audiences as A. attentive listeners. B. active participants. C. passive. D. None of the above is correct

C. passive.

Aristotle's belief that good speakers know when and how to use emotion in their remarks is represented in his discussion of A. logos. B. ethos. C. pathos. D. mythos.

C. pathos.

An audience that believes what a speaker says because they believe he or she is an honest person is focusing on the ethical proof that conveys A. goodwill. B. perceived intelligence. C. virtuous character. D. None of the above is correct

C. virtuous character.

A typical enthymeme is missing a A. conclusion. B. major premise. C. minor premise. D. Any one of the above that is already accepted by the audience

D. Any one of the above that is already accepted by the audience

Aristotle believed _________ was the most important proof a successful speaker could use. A. ethos B. logos C. pathos D. a good speaker needs all three to be successful

D. a good speaker needs all three to be successful

Rhetoric is different from dialectic in that it A. is a one-on-one discussion. B. is a search for truth. C. answers general philosophical questions. D. deals with probability.

D. deals with probability.

An _____________ is an incomplete version of a formal deductive syllogism. A. example B. adjective C. argument D. enthymeme

D. enthymeme

Rhetoric

Discovering all possible means of persuasion

Pathos

Emotional Appeals to make the audience feel what the author wants them to feel

According to Aristotle, the "example" is the strongest of the logical proofs. True False

False

Invention refers to nonverbal ways to win over an audience. True False

False

Enthymeme

Incomplete syllogism, constructed by leaving out a premise or conclusion

Five canons of rhetoric

Invention, arrangement, style,delivery, memory

Logos

Logical proof, to use logos would be to cite facts and statistics historical and literal analogies and citing certain authorities to a subject

Ethos

Perceived Credibility Perceived Intelligence Virtuous Character Goodwill Examples: Presidential Election

Historical background of Rhetoric

Plato viewed the art of public speaking negatively due to the speakers ability to confuse and misdirect citizens Aristotle wrote a book about rhetoric. Aristotle saw rhetoric as a neutral tool which one could which one could accomplish either noble or fraudulent ends. For Aristotle, rhetoric was the discovery in each case, of the available means of persuasion

Five canons of rhetoric explained

The principle division of the art of persuasion the art of persuasion established by ancient rhetoricians-invention, arrangement, style, delivery, and memory.

Aristotle defined rhetoric as the discovery in each case of all "available means of persuasion." True False

True

Ethical proof is the way the speaker's character is revealed through the message. True False

True

The traveling speech teachers in ancient Greece were known as Sophists. True False

True

Syllogism

general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the major premise) a conclusion is deduced All men are mortal Socrates is man ------------------- Socrates is mortal

Artistic or internal proofs

those that the speaker creates Examples: Tv commercials, speech to convince someone, lawyer, presidential speeches

Inartistic proofs

those that the speaker does not create Examples: Pregnancy Test and Speed Gun