Consumer Behavior Midterm

who identified a set of 20 psychogenic needs

Murray

which of the following time periods is encompassed in the study of consumer behavior

Pre-purchase purchase and post-purchase

Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act

Requires cigarette packages to carry a warning label from the Surgeon General

motivation driven by raw emotions is called

affect

Mary Chen is torn between going home for the holidays to visit her parents in China or going on a skiing trip with friends from college. Mary would love to be able to do both. Which of the following motivational conflicts will Mary most likely experience as she makes her decision?

an approach approach conflict

Tanya would really love to have a full-length mink coat; however, animal rights (and animal rights activists) have caused her to reconsider making such a purchase. This situation illustrates a(n) ________.

approach avoidance conflict

according to the theories of carl Jung our shared memories create ___ which involve universal themes and appear frequently in myths and stories across cultures

archetypes

Frank is sitting in his Psychology 101 class listening to his professor attempt to explain the "black box" process and its connection with learning. He suddenly smells the aroma of fresh cinnamon rolls, and his mouth begins to water. He looks around and sees a student in the last row bite into a big, juicy roll. "I wish I were sitting next to him," Frank thinks, "because I know I could steal a bite." What Frank just went through in class was similar to the "black box" process being described by his professor. This process is most closely associated with which of the following learning methods?

behavioral learning

The Pillsbury Doughboy and the Jolly Green Giant are examples of ________.

brand personalities

A strategy that aligns a company brand with a cause to generate business and societal behavior is called

cause marketing

Which of the following is the study of processes involved when groups select purchase use or dispose of products services ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires

consumer behavior

Anna is being called "names" online. This is an example of ________.

cyberbullying

Why is age a common demographic category used in understanding consumer behavior?

different age groups have different wants and needs

Market access can be limited due to ________.

disabilities, media literacy, and food desert

What theory of motivation is related to the idea that customers desire a state of balance called homeostasis?

drive theory

A transaction in which two or more organizations or people give and receive something of value is called

exchange

According to the exposure factor leading to adaptation, frequently encountered stimuli ________ as the rate of exposure increases.

habituate

Hannah was embarrassed when her friends teased her about dancing on a table on Friday night. She tried to tell her friends that she is really quite introverted and shy. Her friends observed that Hannah does not appear shy when she is out on a weekend evening. Which of the following statements is most applicable in understanding Hannah's personality? A) Personality is a set of consistent traits that do not change from one environment to the next. Either Hannah or her friends are wrong in their observations. B) Personality is a person's unique psychological makeup that consistently influences behavior within a certain environmental situation. Although behavior will be consistent within consistent environments, it does not have to be consistent between environments. C) Personality is a hypothetical construct that grows stronger with age. Hannah will likely be extroverted for the rest of her life. D) Hannah's behavior on a weekend night is due to Freudian problems with her superego.

hannahs personality is a unique psychological makeup that consistently influences behavior in certain situations

Based on motivational research, which of the following consumption motives most likely explains a person's motivation to purchase gourmet foods, foreign cars, cigarette holders, or perfume?

individuality

person object and additional factors are the three types of influences that determine a person's level of

involvement

The minimum difference that can be detected between two stimuli is known as the ________.

just noticeable difference

a relative permanent change of behavior is called

learning

Die-hard Apple fans post videos on YouTube claiming their affection for Apple products. They most likely have a(n) ________ relationship with the product.

love

an individual who scores high on an assessment of materialism would be least likely to be categorized as

makers

The importance people attach to worldly possessions is called ________.

materialism

On her first visit to China, Jane did not know how to pay for the produce she had selected at a market. She watched several Chinese women pay for their selections, and then Jane copied their behavior. In this example, Jane used ________.

modeling

In the western culture the color black is often associated with

mourning

Lucy Chang recently purchased a lovely ceramic bowl that featured a red dragon design. When she thought about her purchase, she found that she really had no justification for buying the bowl other than it reminded her of the bowls her mother used during evening meals when she was a young child in Hong Kong. Which type of relationship with a product best explains the reason for Lucy's purchase of the dragon bowl?

nostalgic attachment

Which of the following is a benefit organizations receive when customers complain?

opportunity to correct the situation

Because the brain's capacity to process information is limited, consumers are very selective about what they pay attention to and tend to select stimuli that relate to their current needs. This type of perceptual filter is called ________.

perceptual vigilance

If a woman receives compliments after wearing Obsession perfume, she is more likely to keep buying the product and wearing it. What type of instrumental conditioning has occurred in the situation?

positive reinforcement

___ memory permits the temporary storage of information we receive from our senses

sensory

Companies that think carefully about the impact of sensations on product experiences are practicing

sensory marketing

Most Freudian applications in marketing relate to the product's ________.

sexual symbolism

People who suffer from compulsive consumption are most likely referred to as

shopaholics

A Green Giant ad campaign relied on the ________ when it used a redesigned package for Green Giant products that showed the Green Giant in a "sea of green." It was felt that the Green Giant products were not unified under a common design banner.

similarity principle

Facebook twitter and instagram are examples of

synchronous interaction

A well-known segmentation system based on how consumers agree or disagree with various social issues is called ________.

the VALS (value and lifestyles system)

refers to the tendency people have to react to stimuli similar to an original stimulus in a classical conditioning situation in much the same way they responded to the original stimulus

the halo effect

a department store decides to use secret shoppers to test for service quality. Store personnel are rewarded for providing excellent customer service. What reinforcement schedule is used

variable interval reinforcement