Contemporary World M5
movement of people from one place to another with the intention of settling, permanently or temporarily at a new location
Human migration
a person's talents, knowledge, skills, etc.
Micro level processes
resources, knowledge, and understandings that migrant populations possess and utilize
Micro level processes
Early human migrations Modern mass migrations Forced migrations Internal migrations Population growth
Migration
- both birth rates and death rates are high. - population size remains fairly constant but can have major swings with events such as wars or pandemics
Stage 1
True or False: spontaneous abortion (unintentional) and induced abortion (intentional)
True
deliberate use of artificial methods to prevent pregnancy from sexual intercourse
contraception
shows the different stages that societies go through as they move towards industrialization
demographic transition
dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas by force because of traumatic reasons
diaspora
the dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas by force because of traumatic reasons
diaspora
people are encouraged by receiving countries to migrate so they could do the jobs that citizens of the receiving country are not willing to do
dual or segmented labor market theory of migration
how our ancestors were nomadic and have been migrating even before globalization began
early human migrations.
every individual person's potential to produce an offspring
fecundity
act of modifying a person's anatomy so that he or she would be incapable of conception
sterilization
emphasizes migration from peripheral developing countries to core capitalist ones. Migrants flow from the periphery to the core while capital, machinery, and goods flow from the core to the periphery.
world systemtheory of migration
when people leave a country in order to settle in another
Emigration
when people enter into a country in order to settle in it
Immigration
True or False: every single migration activity, multiple theories CANNOT be applicable
False. CAN
True or False: Birth, death, and migration are the ONLY metrics in demography that can be used to describe a population
False. NOT THE ONLY
groups of persons who were forced to leave their place of origin in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Refugees
True or False: Migration can be temporary or permanent.
True
Demography
the statistical study of human populations, especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics
- Sharing the same history and ancestors. - Sharing a common reserved ethnic identity. - Sharing a collective memory of original homeland. - A degree of tension towards the host country. - Sharing the belief in return. - Sharing a sense of solidarity. - A potential to contribute to the host culture.
Characteristics of Diasporas
Earth's carrying capacity
9 to 10 billion human beings
persons who apply for refuge in a foreign country due to a fear of religious or political persecution in his or her country of origin
Asylum Seekers
individual persons who apply for refuge in a foreign country due to a fear of religious or political persecution in his or her country of origin
Asylum seekers
Natural change Fecundity Fertility Spontaneous abortionI nduced abortion Contraception Sterilization
Birth
Main components of Demography/Primary agents
Birth Death Migration
refers to the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation
Carrying capacity
True or False: Migration can be international (between countries) but CAN'T be local (between towns and cities of the same country.
False. Also CAN
Epidemiologic transition Infant mortality Infanticide Mortality among the elderly Widowhood
Death
the transition of who in a population gets affected the most by diseases and other ailments
Epidemiologic transition
a reflection of how males have a shorter life expectancy than females
High widowhood rates
persons who were forced to leave their place of origin in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Refugees
country's economic position, level of industrialization, etc.
Macro level processes
overcharging issues such as political situations, laws and regulations between the countries to control migration. Changes in global economy can be counted as a macro factor for example
Macro level processes
characteristics of destination countries that attract immigrants wishing to find better living and working conditions
Pull Factors
things that exist within a destination country that entices a person to move there such as higher paying jobs, free health care, etc.
Pull Factors
things that exist within a country of origin that pushes a person away such as war, crime, threat to life, etc.
Push Factors
dynamics within the country of origin which force people to emigrate such as war, famine, political oppression or population pressures
Push factors
an internationally recognized legal right but asylum seekers are sometimes treated like criminals in host countries
Seeking asylum
- the introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth rates remain high - result is rapid population growth - where many of the least developed countries today
Stage 2
- birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in women's status, and access to contraception - Population growth continues, but at a lower rate - most developing countries
Stage 3
- birth and death rates are both low, stabilizing the population - tend to have stronger economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, a higher proportion of working women, and a fertility rate hovering around two children per woman - most developed countries
Stage 4
fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population
Stage 5
True or False: As countries become advanced economies, rural-to-urban mobility shrinks, demographic growth slows down, while urban-to-urban mobility and circular migration INCREASE significantly
True
True or False: When Science and Technology was few and slow, the human global population was low. When Science and Technology was fast and numerous, the global population grew exponentially.
True
True or False: You can describe a population in thousands of different ways such as age distribution, educational attainment, economic class, favorite TV network, mobile network subscription, gender, etc
True
True or False: Advanced economies often become net importers of HIGH-skilled labor from less developed countries.
True
a type of migration where the person migrating is doing so against his/her will
forced migration
groups that push people to migrate be it legal or illegal
institutional theory of migration
migratory movements are often connected to prior long-standing links between sending and receiving countries, like commercial or cultural relationships
migration system and networks theory of migration
the transition of countries through a series of demographic and societal stages
mobility transition theory of migration
change in population that is the result of either birth or death
natural change
decisions to migrate are taken at the individual level and consider that higher earnings in the long run compensate for the cost and risk of relocating
neoclassical theory of migration
the migration decision is often taken collectively, especially within households. Migration of selected family members may be used to mitigate risks and diversify income resources for the entire family.
new economics theory of migration
migration is strongly influenced by immigration policies implemented by countries. If countries become more open to migration, more people will migrate. If countries become restrictive of migration, less people will migrate.
policies theory of migration