corrections 3 & 4

technical violations

not crimes but simply rule violations

Which of the following is described as statistical approaches to consider the risk of escape and violence by inmates?

objective classification systems

Mempa v. Rhay

probationers granted right to legal counsel during revocation hearings.

net widening

process in which new sentencing options increase rather than reduce control over offenders' lives

________ jails used podular designs with remote supervision.

second generation

________ are jail and prison programs that include early detection of suicide risks.

suicide prevention programs

________ is the management of suicidal inmates who are placed in a specially designed cell and are placed under constant supervision.

suicide watch

Probation

suspended prison sentence

split sentences

the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation

In ________ jails, correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates.

third generation

Community supervision officers do visit offenders' residences or places of employment.

true

During a revocation hearing, a probationer may be represented by legal counsel and may have the opportunity to testify.

true

Each year, jails admit about five times as many offenders as all other correctional components combined.

true

In recent years, as a result of increasing surveillance and close monitoring of offenders, the number of probation violations has risen significantly.

true

Jails are not designed to hold sentenced offenders for very long terms of confinement.

true

Jails have limited programs, such as education, substance abuse counseling, or work

true

Judges have great discretion in imposing special conditions of probation.

true

Offenders are fingerprinted and booked into the jail after arrest.

true

Offenders can pay restitution through community service.

true

Over the last thirty years, the number of criminal offenders with mental illness has risen.

true

Over the past fifty years, the sentencing options available to judges have increased.

true

The stay at a community residential center may be as short as 30 days.

true

Under administrative supervision, offenders have no contact with a parole or probation officer, but they still must meet their conditions.

true

With house arrest, offenders can work at a job outside of the house.

true

early jails in the American colonies followed the English model

true

jail staff members are always extremely outnumbered by the inmates in any correctional setting.

true

the average length of stay in a jail is under 30 months.

true

What main factor differentiates jails from prisons?

type of sentence

new-crime violations

violations of a condition of probation that prohibits the commmission of any additional crimes

New York passed the first law authorizing probation for adult felons

1901

Morrissey v. Brewer

1972 due process for parole hearings

electronic monitoring

A form of intermediate punishment in which an offender is allowed to remain in the community but must ear an electronic device that allows the authorities to monitor his or her whereabouts. Electronic monitoring may also be done via telephone.

jails with a ________ provide common dayroom areas in the center of a unit of cells, and house fewer inmates.

A podular design

shock incarceration

A short period of incarceration that is designed to deter further criminal activity by "shocking" the offender with the hardships of imprisonment.

boot camp

A short-term militaristic correctional facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline.

Surveillance Style

A style of supervising community offenders that places emphasis on monitoring and enforcing compliance with the rules or supervision and the detection of violations leading to revocation and return to custody.

Casework Style

A style of supervision community offenders that places emphasis on assisting the offender with problems, counseling, and working to make sure the offender successfully completes supervision.

In the 1979 Supreme Court case ________, the punitive intent standard was adopted for considering violations of the Eighth Amendment regarding jail operations.

Bell v. Wolfish

Which of the following is characteristic of a third-generation jail?

Correctional officers are located in the housing unit in direct contact with inmates.

Intermediate Sanctions

Economic Sanctions Intensive Probation "Shock" Time Boot Camps Residential Centers House Arrest Community Service

Intensive-Supervision Caseloads

Higher-risk offenders; created as an alternative to prison

cost of supervision

Offenders have to pay for some costs associated with their supervision in the community, such as drug testing or electronic monitoring

Special Caseloads

Offenders with similar issues; e.g., substance abuse, mental illness, history of sex offenses

community classification systems

Risk assessments that predict the chance of new crimes being committed; they are used to determine the level of supervision an offender will receive in the community

asset forfeiture

Seizure of personal assets, used in or obtained from illegal activity, by the government

Shock Probation

Short period of incarceration during probation as an intermediate sanction for violations— objective is deterrence

Regular Caseloads

Standard probationers requiring no special program or supervision

intensive supervised probation

Supervision of community offenders with higher than average risk, through smaller caseloads and very close monitoring of activities.

Broken Windows Probation Strategy

The "broken windows" strategy: promptly addressing issues to avoid greater instability

Which is NOT one of the three most important reasons for effective jail classification systems?

They provide a guide for giving inmates proper substance abuse counseling.

community corrections

a model of corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community

shock probation

a policy by which a judge orders a convicted offender to prison for a short time and then suspends the remainder of the sentence in favor of probation.

victim compensation

a program in many states whereby the state government provides financial aid to victims of certain crimes

offender restitution

a requirement that offenders repay society for the harm created by the offense

house arrest

a sentence which requires an offender to stay at home except for certain functions the court permits

community residential centers

any correctional facility existing to provide services and maximize reintegration of the offender back into the community

Jail inmates may have only noncontact visits. What type of visitor is the exception?

attorney

John Augustus

became the "father" of probation when, in 1841, he convinced the local court to release into his care a man who had been charged with a crime.

The ________ approach requires staff to continuously be in contact with, supervise, and communicate with inmates.

direct supervision

Gagnon v. Scarpelli 1973

due process to probationers

A very large percentage of arrested and jailed offenders make bond and are released within

forty-eight hours