Criminal Justice-Chapter 5
Bow Street Runners
An early English police unit formed under the leadership of Henry fielding, magistrate judge of the bow street region of London.
Night watch
An early form of police patrol in English cities and towns
Exemplary projects program
An initiative, sponsored by the law enforcement assistance administration, designed to recognize outstanding innovative efforts to combat crime and to provide assistance to crime victims
Private protective services
Independent or proprietary commercial organizations that provide protective services to employers on a contractual basis.
Bobbies
The popular british name given to members of sir robert (bob) peel's metropolitan police force
Evidence-based policing
The use of best available research on the outcome of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers.
Federal law agency
A U.S. Government agency or office whose primary functional responsibility is the enforcement of federal criminal laws.
Scientific police management
The application to of social science techniques to the study of police administration for the purpose of increasing effectiveness, reducing the frequency of citizen complaints, and enhancing the efficient use of available resources.
Sheriff
The elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency.
Kansas City experiment
The first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices. Sponsored by the police foundation, it focused on the practice of preventive patrol.
Wickersham commission
The national commission on law observance and enforcement. In 1931, the commission issued a report stating that prohibition was unenforceable and carried a great potential for police corruption.
Municipal police department
A city- or town-based law enforcement agency; also known as local police
Sworn officer
A law enforcement officer who is trained and empowered to perform full police duties, such as making arrests, conducting investigations, and carrying firearms.
Statute of Winchester
A law, written in 1285, that created a watch and ward system in English cities and towns and that codified early police practice
Comes stabuli
A nonuniformed mounted law enforcement officer of medieval England. Early police forces were small and relatively unorganized but made effective use of local resources in the formation of posses, the pursuit of offenders, and the like.
Law enforcement assistance administration (LEAA)
A now-defunct federal agency established under Title I of the omnibus crime control and safe streets act of 1968 to funnel federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies.
New police
A police force formed in 1829 under the command of sir Robert peel. It became the model for. Modern-day police forces throughout the western world. Also called metropolitan police force.
Directed patrol
A police management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through he scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques.
Vigilantism
The act of taking the law into one's own hands