CSD 718- Ch 3 Quiz Questions

Describe at least three ways emotional factors affect people who stutter:

(1) Many studies, but not all, find that stutterers are not more anxious than non-stutterers, but a few do indicate that they are more anxious; (2) anxiety or autonomic arousal in stutterers is associated with stuttering; and (3) emotion caused by threat of electric shock can cause disfluencies in even non-stutterers.

Discuss at least three differences people who stutter show from their fluent peers in the area of sensory processing:

(1) Poorer central auditory processing (especially with regard to temporal information), (2) poorer perception of speech and non speech sounds under difficult listening conditions, and (3) brain waves of stutterers may have longer latencies and lower amplitudes when listening to linguistically complex stimuli.

Discuss at least three differences people who stutter show from their fluent peers in the area of sensorimotor control:

(1) Reaction times in people who stutter are slower, especially when linguistically meaningful stimuli are used; (2) fluent speech in individuals who stutter is slower, with longer vowels, slower transitions, and delayed onset of voicing; and (3) they are slower and make more errors on non speech tasks of sequencing

Describe at least three ways language factors affect people who stutter:

(1) Stuttering onset is often associated with language development; (2) children who stutter appear to have slightly less robust language processing abilities; and (3) more stuttering occurs in more complex sentences.

What is "cross talk"?

Activity, particularly emotional processing, in the brain's right hemisphere that interferes with sequential movement control, particularly speech-motor control.

It is likely that stuttering is generally caused by: a. a mix of factors, including environmental and developmental factors b. parents who speak too slowly c. parents who interrupt frequently d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. a mix of factors, including environmental and developmental factors

Compared to the research on temperament in children who stutter: a. a smaller amount of research has been done on adults b. a larger amount of research has been done on adults c. approximately the same amount of research has been done on adults d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. a smaller amount of research has been done on adults

If a client has social anxiety: a. it should be treated along with the stuttering itself b. he is twice as likely to stutter as someone without anxiety c. he is 50 percent more likely to stutter than someone without anxiety d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. it should be treated along with the stuttering itself

Parents of children who stutter: a. rated them as more sensitive than did control parents rating non-stuttering children. b. often report that onset of stuttering occurred during a period when the child's appetite increased. c. that their child's stuttering increased after athletic competitions d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. rated them as more sensitive than did control parents rating non-stuttering children.

There is evidence that treatment for stuttering: a. repairs deficits in auditory processing b. repairs deficits in language production c. improves subjects' hearing d. all of the above e. none of the above

a. repairs deficits in auditory processing

The onset of stuttering generally occurs: a. during periods of slower language development b. between the ages of 2 and 5 c. while children are still too young to have many "self-conscious" emotions d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. between the ages of 2 and 5

Research to determine the critical developmental and environmental factors affecting the onset of stuttering: a. has conclusively shown that factors cause stuttering b. has provided promising evidence but not conclusive results c. has shown that developmental and environmental factors have little to do with stuttering d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. has provided promising evidence but not conclusive results

Having to carry out complex speech and language tasks: a. is impossible for a child who is beginning to develop language b. is a possible factor in the development of stuttering c. begins when a child is around 5 years old d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. is a possible factor in the development of stuttering

Stuttering is most likely to begin: a. when a child first begins to use language b. when speech and language are developing rapidly c. when a child is being reprimanded d. all of the above e. none of the above

b. when speech and language are developing rapidly

"Cross Talk" refers to: a. a type of stuttering b. the tendency to interrupt someone who is stuttering c. interference between nervous system pathways d. all of the above e. none of the above

c. interference between nervous system pathways

A child learning to talk: a. does not feel the touch or movement of his or her articulators b. is influenced by the speech sounds of others, but not by his or her own speech sounds c. is usually influenced by auditory feedback from his or her own speech d. all of the above e. none of the above

c. is usually influenced by auditory feedback from his or her own speech

According to one study, when speaking in unfamiliar or threatening situations, children who are more sensitive generate high levels of physical tension in: a. the tongue b. the velum c. the laryngeal muscles d. all of the above e. none of the above

c. the laryngeal muscles

Delayed auditory feedback can cause: a. repetitions in normal speakers b. prolongations in normal speakers c. blocks in normal speakers d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Individuals who stutter may have deficits not only in speech motor control but also in tasks such as: a. sequential finger-tapping b. dichotic listening c. reaction time d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Some research has shown that: a. in the conversational speech of children who stutter, more complex utterances contain more stutters b. children who stutter (compared to their fluent peers) have anomalies in brain activity related to language processing c. children who stutter are more likely to have language deficits than their fluent peers d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Studies have demonstrated that even when speaking fluently, stutterers have: a. longer vowel durations b. slower transitions between consonants and vowels c. delayed onsets of voicing after voiceless consonants d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

Research has conclusively determined that: a. stuttering is caused primarily by speech motor factors b. stuttering is caused primarily by linguistic factors c. stuttering is caused primarily by emotional factors d. all of the above e. none of the above

e. none of the above

Research has conclusively shown that having an inherently sensitive temperament: a. causes stuttering b. causes stuttering but not normal disfluencies c. has no association with degree of stuttering d. all of the above e. none of the above

e. none of the above

Research has shown that mothers of children who stutter: a. are more likely to speak more quietly than mothers of non-stutterers b. are more likely to speak more loudly than mothers of non-stutterers c. are more likely to speak more slowly than mothers of non-stutterers d. all of the above e. none of the above

e. none of the above

Research shows that when compared with children who don't stutter, children who stutter are more likely: a. to be psychologically maladjusted b. to have blue eyes c. to have vivid dreams d. all of the above e. none of the above

e. none of the above