CSU HIST Exam II (Chap. 4-8)
After the war, many Loyalists suffered for their refusal to pledge allegiance to the new nation or fled the country. True False
True
During 1780, the Revolutionary War had become a) a contest of endurance in which Americans had the advantage. b) what looked like an inevitable British victory. c) a matter of which side could employ the flashiest battle tactics. d) a fight in which Native Americans and African Americans played a small role. e) a conflict in which American victory was certain enough that the French were no longer needed.
A
Early labor organizations were popular with which of the following groups? a) skilled craftsman b) mill owners c) investors d) clergy e) politicians
A
According to the Constitution, the president has the authority to a) veto acts of Congress. b) resign and choose his or her successor. c) declare war. d) appoint state governors. e) abolish the Senate and appoint new senators.
A
Alexander Hamilton's basic vision of America was to make it a) a vibrant capitalist power. b) a democratic model for the world. c) a mighty empire like ancient Rome. d) committed to limited government and social equality. e) an example of racial tolerance and diversity.
A
Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon a) fear of growing Catholic influence. b) Irish sympathy for black equality. c) Irish support for the Republican party. d) jealousy over the fact that so many Irish were well educated. e) competition for housing in industrial cities.
A
As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which of the following did Britain acquire from Spain? a) Florida b) New Orleans c) Mexico d) Cuba e) California
A
At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi a) went to Spain. b) went to Britain. c) remained French. d) became independent. e) became the creole state of New France.
A
Between 1800 and 1840, the nation's most dramatic population expansion occurred a) west of the Appalachians. b) in New England. c) in Atlantic seaports. d) in the Deep South. e) west of the Mississippi.
A
In 1777, Washington dealt with the threat of smallpox to his army by a) ordering a mass inoculation. b) sending most of his soldiers home. c) placing his camp under quarantine. d) providing his soldiers with clean quarters and healthy food. e) asking for a halt in the fighting.
A
John Locke's contract theory of government argued that a) men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right to life, liberty, and property. b) governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights. c) kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper. d) the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote. e)the government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations.
A
New England became the first major industrialized region in the United States due to a) labor-saving machines and water- and steam-powered industries. b) its rocky and sandy soil that was well suited to farming. c) its status as the first place where all immigrants arrived. d) the rapid expansion of slavery there. e) the extensive cultivation of cotton in the region.
A
One way in which Jefferson was contradictory by nature was that he a) nearly went bankrupt personally due to expensive tastes but championed government frugality. b) opposed the British in the Revolution and then advocated for a military alliance as president. c) defended the institution of slavery while freeing approximately 200 of his slaves. d) wrote the Declaration of Independence but then refused to sign it. e) supported executive power, then refused to wield it and purchase Louisiana.
A
Railroads created the first a) big corporations employing thousands of workers. b) steam-powered means of transportation. c) bans on canal construction. d) fast-food restaurants. e) type of transportation that was free of noise pollution.
A
The Articles of Confederation were fully ratified and became effective a) to essentially legalize the way things had been operating since independence had been declared. b) at the same time as the Patriot colonists declared independence from Britain. c) only after the war was officially over and the Treaty of Paris had been signed. d) because most people wanted a strong central government to be in place after the war. e) to ensure that Americans would no longer need to pay taxes.
A
The Bill of Rights was written to a) safeguard freedoms such as press, speech, and assembly. b) ensure that critics of the Constitution could be arrested and expelled from the United States. c) constitute the first ten amendments to the Constitution, excluding immigrants from voting. d) create a National Bank, initially under the control of Alexander Hamilton. e) settle all questions about presidential versus congressional authority.
A
The French and Indian War was triggered by a) conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley. b) religious tension between French Catholics and English Protestants. c) the expansionist policies of Louis XIV, leading to millions of French colonists. d) French anger over English restrictions on trade and shipping. e) the desire of both sides to pull their economies out of depression.
A
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws. Who wrote the Resolutions and in response to what federal laws? a) Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts. b) Alexander Hamilton wrote the resolutions against the National Bank Act. c) Daniel Shays wrote the resolutions against the Whiskey Tax. d) John Adams wrote the resolutions against the Judiciary Act. e) George Washington wrote the resolutions against Jay's Treaty.
A
The MOST popular form of indoor entertainment in the first half of the nineteenth century was a) theater. b) cockfighting. c) prizefighting. d) dog fighting. e) ballet.
A
The Shawnee leader Tecumseh a) worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy. b) encouraged the buying and selling of ancient Indian lands. c) befriended western settlers. d) attacked British Canada. e) won a battle when Americans attacked his capital.
A
The Spanish colonies in North America failed, in part, because a) the Spanish focused on searching for gold rather than expanding the population and economy of their settlements. b)the region had a much larger native population than did the population in Central and South America. c)the Spanish cared little about converting the Native Americans to Catholicism and, thus, lacked the sort of alliances Native Americans had with the English. d)Spanish administrators focused too much on growing their economy and not enough on basic survival. e) they were under constant attack by the French and English, the colonies of which had been established at a far more rapid pace.
A
The first American factories produced a) cotton textiles. b) leather goods. c) tobacco products. d) glass products. e) muskets.
A
The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to a) punish Boston for the Tea Party. b) arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty. c) abolish the colonial assemblies. d) outlaw any public criticism of British policy. e) make Americans drink more tea.
A
Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would a) mean even more debt and public corruption. b) be a national "blessing." c) help American bankers and investors make money from the federal government. d) be easily paid off in fifty years. e) cause another revolution.
A
What encouraged migration to the West? a) land made available by the government b) poor soil c) advances in industrial production technology in factories d) the desert e) construction of numerous frontier forts
A
What was the purpose of the Currency Act of 1764? a) It prohibited the colonies from coining or printing their own money. b) It gave the colonies a greater say in their own economies. c) It was designed to ease the shortage of hard money in the colonies. d) It said that lenders had to accept paper money in payment of debts. e) It changed the name of the basic monetary unit to "dollar" from "pound."
A
Which of the following concepts was the basis of mercantilism? a)The government should attempt to maintain tight regulations and laws to create a favorable balance of trade. b)A hands-off approach to colonial development would lead to economic growth favorable to Britain as well. c)Encouraging colonists to trade among themselves and avoid shipping goods to Britain and Europe would produce the best economic outcomes. d)Close relations between British merchants and Native Americans would avoid future conflicts and violence. e)Close economic ties to Spain would weaken the French presence in North America and thereby result in Britain's dominance.
A
Which of the following did Aaron Burr and General James Wilkinson plan? a) to foment revolt in the West and declare the Louisiana Territory as an independent republic b) to assassinate Jefferson so that Burr could become president of the Union c) to meet a large British fleet off the coast of Florida and capture Pensacola d) to link up with Spanish forces in California and invade Russian-controlled Alaska e) to join forces with a large French army on Lake Erie and invade Canada
A
Which of the following occurred during the period of salutary neglect? a) The British government took less of a role in governing the American colonies. b)New and efficient trade regulations were introduced. c)William and Mary ruled Britain. d)A new trade board, the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, was introduced. e)Americans developed a powerful desire for independence.
A
Which of the following statements about the 1765 Stamp Act is accurate? a) It required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents. b) The colonial assemblies approved it. c) It directly affected only a few Americans. d) It soothed American fears of standing armies. e) Most colonies apart from Massachusetts supported it.
A
Which of the following statements about the Know-Nothing party is correct? a) It was strongest in the 1850s. b) It was weakest in New England. c) It was based on prejudice against blacks. d) It opposed the spread of public education. e) It elected two presidents in its brief history.
A
Which of the following statements accurately describes the cotton gin? a) It made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber. b) It was an engine that manufactured cloth. c) It made the South the wealthiest part of the country. d) It had no significant effect on the North's economy. e) It resulted from a government bounty paid to its inventor.
A
Which of the following statements describes the minstrel shows between the 1830s and 1870s? a) Immensely popular, they often included the songs of Stephen Foster. b) They featured black performers made up as whites. c) They were similar to operatic shows. d) They portrayed black characters positively. e) Primarily elite and educated audiences embraced them.
A
Which of the following states was the first to ratify the Constitution? a) Delaware b) New York c) Rhode Island d) Virginia e).Massachusetts
A
Why were finances the greatest weakness of the Confederation government? a) States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little. b) An event known as the Newburgh Conspiracy led to a successful coup that had a major impact on the economy. c) The laws of Congress were too strictly enforced, leading many people to file bankruptcy. d) Too much money was put toward the executive and judiciary branches and not enough toward the people. e) The Confederation taxes were too high in an effort to pay off war debts from the Revolution.
A
As the War of 1812 started, one strength of the United States was a) a large standing army. b) a small but capable navy. c) a surplus in the federal budget. d) the national bank's stabilization of the economy. e) President Madison's genius as commander in chief.
B
As the main conflict between armies in the east progressed, ________ and 175 frontiersmen meanwhile journeyed to the Ohio Valley to ________. a) Joseph Brant; execute British soldiers to show native tribes what was in store for them b) George Rogers Clark; end English-led attacks on American farm communities c) John Sullivan; trade with Native Americans and recruit them to the Patriot cause d) John Burgoyne; launch a three-pronged assault against British military camps e) Daniel Boone; disrupt a secret meeting of the Continental Congress
B
By the 1850s, a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the a) telephone. b) telegraph. c) Pony Express. d) railroad. e) post office.
B
Elite Virginians despised Lord Dunmore because of his a) harsh treatment of captured rebels. b) offer of freedom to slaves who would join the British. c) abolition of the slave trade. d) belief in true racial equality. e) arrogant British manners.
B
Few Americans during the time of the Revolutionary War a) joined forces with colonists of diverse backgrounds, such as Scots, Irish, Germans, and Jews, to resist British rule. b) confronted the contradiction that they would fail to apply the freedoms they were vying for to the system of slavery. c) shared the belief that governmental authority had to be based on the consent of the governed. d) wanted to trade freely with the world and expand westward across the Appalachian Mountains. e) knew Loyalists who continued to live in the colonies because nearly all had opted to move back to Europe.
B
In the early 1800s, the United States paid bribes to the Barbary pirate states of North Africa to leave American shipping alone. What led Jefferson to send warships and fight a naval war? a) France backed the pirates' demands for higher blackmail payments and attacked American shipping. b) Tripoli insisted on higher payments to free captured American sailors. c) Britain aided Moroccan pirates in intercepting American slave ships from Africa. d) Jefferson had promised to launch a war on North Africa when he assumed the presidency. e) Canadian smugglers were using North African ships to fish illegally in New England waters.
B
One key element of Hamilton's program to encourage manufacturing was his proposal for a) a cutoff of trade with Britain. b) high protective tariffs. c) government-owned factories. d) importation of cheap foreign labor. e) government colleges for industrial education.
B
One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was a) a scarcity of good farmland. b) shortage of "hard money." c) the impossibility of obtaining credit. d) excessively high income taxes. e) low wages caused by an oversupply of labor.
B
One striking aspect of the Lowell factories was a) their ability to prevent the occurrence of strikes. b) their employment of young single women. c) their undemanding working hours. d) their minimal impact on natural surroundings. e) the fact that they paid workers in stocks.
B
Over the course of the nineteenth century, many regions of the United States experienced a shift from ________ agriculture to ________ agriculture. a) international; regional b) subsistence; commercial c) corporate-owned; government-owned d) machine-based; labor-free e) regulated; unregulated
B
The Articles of Confederation failed to give the federal government a) full authority over foreign affairs. b) the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce without unanimous approval from the states. c) control of government in the western territories. d) authority to coin money, run a postal service, and direct Indian affairs. e) authority to settle disputes between states.
B
The Constitution addressed slavery by a) referring numerous times to "slaves" or "slavery." b) counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment. c) requiring that all slaves count toward a state's congressional representation. d) making it legal in every state. e) requiring that slaves have full legal protections.
B
The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition in ________ to the war. a) the South. b) New England. c) New York. d) the West. e) Congress.
B
The Marquis de Lafayette served the American cause during the war as a) commander of the French navy. b) Washington's most trusted aide. c) France's ambassador to Congress. d) leader of the attack on the British in Canada. e) chief fund-raiser in Europe.
B
The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to a) enrich Lord North and his cronies. b) bail out the East India Company. c) stimulate England's home economy. d) punish American tea importers. e) reduce tea prices for Americans.
B
The news of Yorktown inspired the British to a) recruit more soldiers. b) end the war. c) replace George III. d) sign a peace treaty with France. e) replace their commanders.
B
The war in the South was characterized by a) a "speedy and happy determination" of the war. b) the killing of prisoners by both sides and use of guerrilla tactics. c) conventional military tactics and rare pillaging. d) an unbroken series of British victories. e) the massive use of enslaved soldiers by the Americans.
B
The war that erupted between the French and the British in North America in 1754 a) ended inconclusively as armies rushed back to Europe to offer support at home. b) eventually spread across the globe to encompass battlefields on four continents. c) led to a British defeat and loss of large portions of the British Empire. d) sparked a massive peace protest in London that almost caused the British to back out. e) failed to earn the British the monetary support of colonial legislatures.
B
What was the purpose of the Sugar Act of 1764? a) It legalized trade with the French West Indies. b) It was intended to generate revenue from the colonies. c) It doubled the existing tax on molasses to benefit the colonies. d) It predominantly aimed to reduce rum drinking in the colonies. e) It taxed sugar refined in the colonies.
B
Whereas a(n) ________ would have meant that citizens voted on all major decisions affecting them, the new United States after the Revolutionary War was technically a ________, in which property-holding white men elected representatives, or legislators, to make key decisions on their behalf. a) representative democracy; direct democracy b) direct democracy; representative democracy c) aristocracy; theocracy d) theocracy; constitutional monarchy e) constitutional monarchy; direct democracy
B
Which of the following is true of Madison's Virginia Plan? a) It proposed a president for life. b) It proposed a two-house Congress. c) It was most favored by the small states. d) It advocated amending the Articles of Confederation. e) It proposed to abolish the state governments.
B
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Hessians of the Revolutionary War? a) Few Hessians deserted the British army to join the American cause. b) Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British. c) Hessians were no longer deployed when the war moved south. d) Hessians were guerrilla warriors who helped defeat Washington's army. e) Hessians were colonists who refused to support either side of the war.
B
Which of the following statements accurately describes the Navigation Act of 1651? a) It was contrary to mercantilist principles. b) It required all goods imported into Britain or the colonies to be shipped in British vessels. c) It was mainly an attempt to wrest the colonial trade from the French. d) It was a free trade agreement between England and Holland. e) It was repealed once Oliver Cromwell came to power in England.
B
Which of the following statements is true of Edmond-Charles Genêt? a) He came to the United States to escape the revolutionary excesses of the French Revolution. b) He encouraged American privateers to attack English and Spanish vessels. c) He quickly won the sympathy of Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists. d) He was deeply involved in the XYZ affair. e) He became a leading member of the Republican party.
B
Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? a) The West would be considered a colonial possession of the United States. b) Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River. c) Native Americans would be forced to move farther west, all the way to the Pacific coast. d) The population of a territory would never affect whether it was to become a state. e) Territories must first adopt the national Constitution rather than write their own.
B
Which of the following was a result of the invention of the cotton gin? a) It meant that fewer slaves were needed. b) It made cotton a major export item. c) It spurred immigration to the South. d) It caused slavery to spread to Ohio and Illinois. e) It increased imports from Britain.
B
Which of the following was the sharpest irony of the American Revolution? a) Although fighting a war against one another, the Revolutionaries and Great Britain had almost identical laws and views on issues such as slavery. b) Great Britain offered enslaved blacks more opportunities for freedom than the United States, a nation built on the ideas of freedom. c) The vast majority of African Americans cared far more about the specific side for which they were fighting than their own personal freedom. d) The decision by the British army to arm enslaved blacks did little to deter southerners from joining its cause, as the issue of slavery had been set aside during the Revolution. e) The Patriot army failed to enlist free blacks as soldiers at any point during the war, whereas Loyalists did from the beginning.
B
Which of the following was true of the democracy that emerged at the turn of the century? a) Federalists generally supported it. b) Common men were no longer content to be governed by an aristocracy. c) It was the result of an increasingly educated American society. d) It emerged out of George Washington's farewell address. e) It found significant support among the southern slaveholding population.
B
Which war hawk loudly proclaimed that his state of Kentucky was ready to march on Canada and rid the Northwest of its so-called "Indian problem"? a) Felix Grundy b) Henry Clay c) John Randolph d) Albert Gallatin e) Andrew Jackson
B
Who said, "We are all Republicans—we are all Federalists"? a) Alexander Hamilton b) Thomas Jefferson c) George Washington d) James Madison e) John Adams
B
Why was the election of 1800 significant? a) The election's outcome continued the Federalist domination of the U.S. government and, thus, limited the voice of Democratic Republicans. b) Jefferson and Aaron Burr were tied with the same exact number of electoral votes, which created a political crisis over the transition of power. c) The election marked an era early in the nation's history that would remain unaffected by partisan politics. d) The election resolved the fundamental political tensions that had emerged between ardent nationalists and those who prized states' rights. e) The presidency henceforth would no longer be held by slaveholders, which would help make politicians more sympathetic to minorities.
B
Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender of a) Lord Cornwallis. b) Banastre Tarleton. c) John Burgoyne. d) Benedict Arnold. e) Lord Howe.
C
Jefferson's inauguration was notable for a) his support for a return of British rule in the United States. b) the luxurious surroundings. c) his emphasis on the "plain and simple" ways of the "common man." d) its being held in Philadelphia. e) its immediate call to arms against Britain.
C
Most of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution a) gave governors extensive powers. b) granted universal manhood suffrage. c) contained bills of rights that protected rights like freedom of speech. d) gave the legislatures very little power. e) were rejected by Congress in favor of a national constitution.
C
Of all the immigrant groups that came to the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century, which was LEAST tolerant of free African Americans? a) Chinese b) free blacks c) Irish d) Mexicans e) Germans
C
Pontiac's Rebellion was in response to a) French attacks on Native American villages in the west. b) Spanish insistence that Native Americans only trade with them. c) shock that Native American lands in the west were ceded to the British. d) Dutch atrocities committed in New York. e) a flood of cheap British trade goods into Native American territory.
C
The British army under Cornwallis at Yorktown a) was saved by a massive British fleet that was sent from New York and arrived there first. b) defeated a larger but poorly led French army that failed to coordinate with the Americans. c) was too small and weak to escape from a trap by combined French and American forces. d) could have escaped if not for Benedict Arnold returning to the American side once again. e) was well supplied and, due to the number of troops, held out for over a year.
C
The French were the first to explore and build forts and outposts in the Great Lakes region. What advantage did this give them as they vied with Britain for control of North America? a)It meant that the French would have control of such a large swath of land that they would not need to regularly interact with Native Americans. b)It allowed them to be the first Europeans to have control over Texas, as the Mississippi River connects to the Gulf of Mexico. c)It gave French explorers access to the Mississippi watershed and the vast heartland of the continent and its fur trade. d)It allowed the French to mine gold in the region of modern Iowa, which allowed them to surpass the Spanish in the trade of gold and silver. e)It was of little consequence because the lakes and rivers were unnavigable to boats during this period.
C
The Louisiana Purchase was made possible by a) Jefferson's threat to take the land by force. b) Britain's support of the U.S. effort. c) Napoléon's disastrous setback in Haiti. d) the fact that France offered it for free. e) the political backing of the Federalists.
C
The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to a) write a new constitution. b) address the country's financial crisis. c) revise the Articles of Confederation. d) nominate someone for president. e) discuss better trade relations with Britain.
C
The term the "Critical Period," coined by John Quincy Adams, refers to America under the Articles of Confederation. Why was the period from 1784-1787 so critical? a) It was the time of the Revolutionary War in which Americans fought for their independence from Great Britain. b) It was the years-long period the founding fathers took to write the Constitution, during which time America was lawless. c) It was the time that American leaders developed major differences on politics, government, the economy, and foreign policy. d) It was the worst period of George Washington's presidency, during which several small wars erupted. e) It was a period during which the United States failed to take advantage of opportunities to expand and cede land in the West.
C
The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War a) protected the rights of Loyalists but prevented them from fleeing after the war. b) gave Florida to the United States and was remarkably clear in settling northern borders. c) recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States. d) gave America a claim to Newfoundland and created new military alliances with the Dutch. e) imposed war damages on the British but maintained that the United States was now technically a territory.
C
Three weeks after the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Continental Congress sent George III a) the War Act declaring open rebellion. b) a peace offering accepting Parliament's right to tax the colonies. c) the Olive Branch Petition, urging the King to negotiate. d) the Declaration of Independence, creating the "United States of America." e) a Writ of Renunciation, declaring slavery an evil imposed on the colonies by the Crown.
C
What did Adams do soon before he left office? a) He repealed Hamilton's tax policies. b) He questioned the fair outcome of the election. c) He cemented Federalism within the judiciary. d) He destroyed his official records. e) He renewed his friendship with Jefferson.
C
What was one reason why the series of four major wars, beginning with King Williams War in 1689, were significant? a) They would result in far less of an emphasis on international commerce, as neglected domestic concerns rose in importance and demanded the attention of rulers b) They centered on the fierce struggle for supremacy between the Spanish and British, which would continue well into the late eighteenth century. c) They reshaped the relationship between America and Britain, as Britain felt new pressure to use the colonies to help support the now-dominant British Empire. d) They were the first succession of wars fought on North American soil alone rather than across the Atlantic. e) They reinforced the long held balance of power in Europe, making it clear Britain was far from becomingthe dominant power.
C
Which of the following is true of impressment in the early nineteenth century? a) The Chesapeake incident was the initial cause of the introduction of the practice of impressment. b) There was a lengthy process of determining the citizenship of sailors before "impressing" them. c) British warships stopped American merchant ships and forced sailors into the British navy. d) American merchant ships rarely attracted deserted British sailors because they paid very little. e) Impressment became far less frequent due to the dangers posed by the Anglo-French war.
C
Which of the following is true of the Leopard's attack upon the Chesapeake? a) It resulted in an American victory. b) It occurred on the Great Lakes. c) It created war fever in the United States. d) It brought an official British apology. e) It ended the British practice of impressment.
C
Which of the following statements about Thomas Paine's The American Crisis is accurate? a) It stated the impossibility of beating the British. b) It urged Congress to make Washington a temporary dictator. c) It bolstered American morale. d) It supplied Washington with battle plans. e) It blamed Congress for the army's defeats.
C
Which of the following statements about steamboats is accurate? a) Steamboats were commercially profitable by the 1790s. b) Steamboats were only able to travel downstream. c) Steamboats brought cheaper and faster two-way traffic to the Mississippi Valley. d) Steamboats contributed to a widespread increase in the cost of shipping goods. e) Steamboats soon made railroads obsolete.
C
Which of the following statements describe actions taken by Benjamin Franklin's son, William, and what do they suggest about the war? a) William's treatment of Native Americans while a prominent American general demonstrates why almost no Native Americans joined the Patriot cause. b) William's appointment of women to positions in the New Jersey state government demonstrates the many opportunities the war created for women to enter politics. c) William's loyalty to Britain demonstrates how the war was in many ways a civil war, with the need to choose sides dividing families and friends. d) Williams's refusal to commit to either the Patriot or the Loyalist cause demonstrates how the majority of colonists did not fall into either group and sought to remain neutral. e) Williams's work as a slave trader demonstrates how African Americans had little incentive to join the Loyalist cause because slavery was worse in Britain.
C
Which of the following statements describes physicians in the early 1800s? a) They were required to go to medical school. b) They were closely regulated by the government. c) They were mostly self-taught or apprenticed with an experienced doctor. d) They were experts in modern medical science. e) They provided roughly the same services as nurses.
C
Who among the following was an anti-Federalist? a) Alexander Hamilton b) John Jay c) James Monroe d) James Madison e) George Washington
C
A major cause of Shays's Rebellion was that a) farmland in the western territories was became increasingly expensive. b) slate legislatures gave tax incentives to slaveholders in Boston. c) the central government banned the use of the state militia. d) a new state constitution raised the property qualifications to both vote and hold office. e) state legislatures lowered tax rates on farmers but not on the social elite.
D
Abigail Adams's appeal to her husband, John, to "remember the Ladies" a) resulted in more rights for women in the new American government. b) proved her subordinate nature and preference for traditional systems. c) helped him realize the need for Native American rights as well. d) was basically rejected, including by John. e) was supported by Thomas Jefferson and a few other founding fathers.
D
In April 1775, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to a) shut down a rebellious newspaper. b) collect taxes. c) prevent a town meeting. d) seize the resistance's gunpowder. e) arrest Paul Revere.
D
In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court chief justice who established the principle of judicial review was a) Albert Gallatin. b) John Jay. c) John Pickering. d) John Marshall. e) John Quincy Adams.
D
In which of the following battles did the Americans achieve a decisive victory when the Americans and British were, in a rare occurrence, evenly matched? a) Trenton b) Bunker Hill c) Saratoga d) Cowpens e) Guilford Courthouse
D
One of the MOST remembered aspects of the British assault upon Baltimore was a) the complete destruction of Fort McHenry. b) the large number of civilian casualties. c) the length of the siege that followed. d) its inspiration for the eventual national anthem. e) the superb performance of the U.S. Navy.
D
The Constitution was to be considered ratified as soon as it had been approved by a) the Constitutional Convention. b) the Continental Congress. c) all thirteen states. d) nine of the states. e) a majority popular vote.
D
The Erie Canal led to the growth of which city as a major processing center of wheat and corn? a) Savannah, Georgia b) Louisville, Kentucky c) Columbus, Ohio d) Rochester, New York e) Omaha, Nebraska
D
The Twelfth Amendment was added to the Constitution to avoid the problems associated with the presidential election of 1800. What did the Twelfth Amendment put into law? a) It outlawed multiple-party candidates. b) It declared that it would be illegal for a president to run for a third term. c) It changed the qualifications for president, including age. d) It required that electors had to use separate ballots to vote for a president and a vice president. e) It made popular vote the method by which presidents would be chosen.
D
The collection of essays known as The Federalist Papers was written by a) James Madison and George Washington. b) Thomas Jefferson. c) Patrick Henry. d) Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. e) John Adams.
D
The greatest support for the declaration of war in 1812 came from a) the New England area. b) the areas in which commerce and international trade were a primary occupation. c) the manufacturing centers. d) the agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward. e) the anti-Federalists.
D
What did the Treaty of Ghent do? a) It made civil war and financial ruin more likely in the United States. b) It gave the British access to the Mississippi River. c) It recognized the clear U.S. victory. d) It ended the War of 1812 and restored previous boundaries. e) It gave the United States part of Canada.
D
What was a result of the increase in jobs in mills and factories? a) The North and South maintained the same political alliances as one another. b) Americans left towns and cities for the countryside in droves. c) Social values managed to stay consistent with those before the rise of an industrial economy. d) An urban middle class developed. e) The cotton economy suffered and was outsourced mainly to Europe.
D
What was the purpose of the Declaratory Act of 1766? a) It required Americans to declare loyalty to the Crown. b) It recognized the principle of "no taxation without representation." c) It repealed all prior British taxes. d) It reasserted the government's right to tax the colonists. e) It gave Americans some seats in Parliament.
D
Which of the following became popular with all classes? a) cockfighting b) bear baiting c) stand-up comedy d) boxing e) fishing
D
Which of the following statements accurately describes Jefferson's Embargo Act? a) It forced a change in British policy. b) It boosted the American economy. c) It had widespread public backing. d) It sought to stop all American exports. e) It ended Jefferson's presidency on a successful note.
D
Which of the following was a result of Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey? a) New conflicts erupted in the Ohio Valley between settlers and Native Americans because Native Americans depended on the commodity. b) Federalists in New York City boycotted whiskey because they resented farmers in Pennsylvania who now paid lower taxes. c) As president, George Washington refused to support or enforce the tax, declaring it unconstitutional and coming to the aid of those affected. d) Frontier farmers formed a rebellion because they had little cash, and grain alcohol was their most valuable commodity. e) Frontier farmers rejoiced because the tax would cause the sales of their main, more valuable crops such as vegetables to increase.
D
Which of the following was a result of the Battle of Saratoga? a) a new invasion of Canada b) serious peace negotiations with the British c) a huge increase in the size of the Continental army d) France's entry on the American side e) the greatest loss the Americans had ever suffered
D
Which of the following was a result of the Boston Massacre? a) The Revolutionary War officially began in response the day after the massacre. b) The colonists ignored the prospect of a trial because the massacre had been kept secret. c) Samuel Adams defended the British soldiers and sought to create order. d) The colonists experienced shock waves, and firebrands called for justice. e) Americans thereafter quietly paid their taxes to avoid violence.
D
Which of the following was one of the desires of the various Workingmen's parties? a) higher taxes for the wealthy b) less government oversight c) the abolishment of trade unions d) laws regulating banks e) an increase in the imprisonment of debtors
D
Which of the following was true at the very start of the Revolution? a) Many Patriots wanted to join the French Empire. b) The Patriots petitioned the Spanish to help them negotiate with George III. c) The Patriots fielded a much better trained army than Britain. d) Few Patriots were ready to call for independence. e) Most colonists opposed the idea of colonial parliamentary representation.
D
Why did the British shift their strategic focus to their military effort in the South? a) They wanted to protect their settlements in Florida and the Caribbean from the Patriots. b) They urgently needed to escape the frigid conditions of Canada. c) They sought to destroy rebel plantations that allowed enslaved African Americans to go free. d) They believed that Loyalists were more numerous in the South. e) They would never resort to harming American civilians living in the countryside and could rally them to their side.
D
At Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson won a sound victory over the a) Cherokees. b) Shawnees. c) British. d) Spaniards. e) Creeks.
E
By 1860, what had become the largest city, as its population surpassed 1 million? a) Boston b) Philadelphia c) Baltimore d) New Orleans e) New York
E
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by a) recapturing New York City from the British. b) giving his troops permission to rest up and "hibernate" for the winter. c) convincing both France and Spain to enter the conflict. d) destroying a British force outside of Boston. e) winning battles at Trenton and Princeton.
E
In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court decided that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was a) constitutional, as it put into law the Supreme Court's commitment to prioritizing and defending states' rights rather than federal matters. b) constitutional, as the Constitution stated that as part of the separation of powers only the Supreme Court could approve judicial appointments. c) unconstitutional, because the Constitution had specified term limits and a popular election process as part of the appointment of justices. d) unconstitutional, because it gave the president less control over the appointment of judges than had been specified by the Constitution. e)unconstitutional, because the Constitution only specified that the Court should have original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign ambassadors or nations.
E
Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to map out and explore well beyond the Mississippi. They eventually a) caused Jefferson's support in the South and West to deteriorate. b) established a settlement in Colorado. c) captured California. d) spread Christianity westward. e) made it to the Pacific Ocean.
E
Jefferson's ending of the international slave trade a) enacted the abolishment of slavery in the North and an organized process of gradual emancipation in the South. b) inspired lawmakers to pass legislation protecting Native Americans and their lands as well. c) was part of his effort to increase the federal budget and, thus, it increased the federal debt. d) was successfully opposed by southerners because they felt African-born slaves were far less likely to revolt. e) failed to stop the illegal importation from Africa of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans.
E
Many colonists viewed the Royal Proclamation of 1763 as a) the cause of Pontiac's Rebellion. b) a means of creating peace between England and France. c) an attempt by Parliament to tax the colonies. d) a modest attempt by Parliament to lower taxes on the colonies. e) a temporary barrier to American settlement west of the Appalachians.
E
The Federalist essay Number 10 explains how a republic can a) defend itself. b) become a democracy. c) create a just society. d) pay its debts. e) be successful in a large, diverse society.
E
The Quartering Act required Americans to a) do military service. b) surrender their weapons. c) pay higher taxes. d) be loyal to England. e) house and feed British soldiers.
E
The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson's philosophy and political party? a) As a Federalist, Jefferson wished to place limits on states' rights and believed that the common people, especially the lower classes, were untrustworthy. b) As a Federalist, Jefferson prioritized the values and concerns of northerners and promoted urban and commercial growth. c) As a Democrat, Jefferson envisioned a developing American economy and society modeled on that of Britain rather than France. d) As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson believed in a strong national government out of fear of the tyranny of the masses, especially farmers. e) As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government.
E
Washington gave his farewell address on September 17, 1796, during which he advised the United States to a) encourage the emerging party system. b) become more involved in European affairs. c) choose Aaron Burr as the next president. d) seek colonies in Africa as a cheaper source of enslaved Africans. e) avoid permanent alliances with other countries.
E
Which of the following statements accurately describes Chinese immigrants in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century? a) They were by far the largest immigrant group of the period. b) They primarily worked in mines and farms. c) They had become eligible for citizenship under the 1790 federal naturalization law. d) They earned the highest wages of any other immigrant group. e) Many traveled to California because of its rapid development.
E
Which of the following was a principle of the Land Ordinance of 1785? a) Land would be given to settlers for free by the new Confederation government. b) Plots of land in the South would be granted to specific religious sects and denominations. c) Individual pioneers rather than the government would primarily organize western settlement. d) Native American lands would never go up for sale and would remain in native possession. e) The Northwest Territory on America's western border would be organized into townships.
E
Who did most of the work during the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Paris? a) John Adams and George Washington b) Charles Cornwallis and François-Joseph-Paul de Grasse c) Guy Carlson and Thomas Jefferson d) Peter Salem and Lemuel Haynes e) John Jay and Benjamin Franklin
E
Who invented the cotton gin? a) John Deere b) Samuel F. B. Morse c) Horace Mann d) Robert Fulton e) Eli Whitney
E
Why was the Battle of Kings Mountain a turning point in the Revolutionary War? a) From that point forward, the war would mainly be fought in the North rather than the South. b) Most families who had been split apart by the war restored family ties in the face of this horrific battle. c) The battle was the greatest defeat that the Americans had ever suffered and nearly caused Washington to lose hope. d) The British soundly defeated the Americans in a head-on battle when the two sides were evenly matched. e) The American militiamen decisively defeated the British and undermined their southern strategy.
E
At the time that Thomas Paine's pamphlet, The American Crisis, was published, the Continental army still had a great degree of supplies and morale. True False
False
Britain's adoption of mercantilist policies set it apart from other European powers of the seventeenth century. True False
False
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention sharply debated whether to establish a monarchy or a republic. True False
False
Due to the disputed election of 1800, the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson was marred by much bloodshed and violence. True False
False
During the Revolution, few Loyalists were found in New York City. True False
False
From 1763 to 1803, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France. True False
False
John Locke's writings offered a powerful justification for revolution in extreme circumstances. True False
False
Most "war hawks" were New England Federalists. True False
False
The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless since it was fought after the war had officially ended. True False
False
The Glorious Revolution was an unprecedentedly bloody conflict in terms of battle deaths. True False
False
Under the Constitution, each slave would count as one person for purposes of representation, but as only half a person for taxation. True False
False
By the start of the Civil War, Irish immigrants had become the most important ethnic group to support the Democrats. True False
True
During the Revolutionary War, Iroquois Nations fought each other on opposite sides, with the Mohawks, Seneca, Onondaga, and Cayuga siding with the British and most of the Tuscarora and Oneida helping the Americans fight against the British. True False
True
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson criticized George III for perpetuating the African slave trade, but southern representatives insisted on removing this criticism. True False
True
Industrialization drove the rapid expansion of towns and cities throughout New England. True False
True
James Madison introduced the Bill of Rights in Congress to address concerns of those who initially opposed the Constitution. True False
True
John Locke's writings offered a powerful justification for revolution in extreme circumstances. True False
True
Marbury v. Madison was sparked by Jefferson's attempts to repeal the judgeships initiated by Adams's last-minute appointments. True False
True
Shays's Rebellion likely heightened the fear of many social and political elites that democracy would begin to make class hierarchies less pronounced. True False
True
The United States had the fastest growing economy in the world by 1850. True False
True
The cotton gin made cotton the most profitable agricultural product in the United States. True False
True
The partisan divisions of the 1790s helped establish the right of "common" men to play a more active role in governing the new nation, such as the elimination of the requirement that citizens must own property to vote. True False
True
The timely arrival of the French navy off the coast of Yorktown gave Washington's forces the reinforcement they needed to defeat Cornwallis's British army. True False
True
Trains could operate year-round, whereas canals shut down for winter. True False
True
