CU DC A&P 1 Exam 1
Since depolarization results in positive ions entering into the neuron, there will be a voltage change. Which of the following correctly depicts the voltage value going from a resting neuron to a depolarized neuron?
-70 mV to 0 mV
H+ ions travelling through the concentration gradient of vesicles allows what neurotransmitter to enter the vesicle?
Ach
The Isotropin Band is made of the protein
Actin
The binding sites for the cross-bridges are located on _______.
Actin
In cell depolarization, what neuron is Na+ traveling on?
Alpha motor neuron
Which neuron is myelinated?
Alpha motor neuron
T/F Smooth muscle is voluntary.
False
Which of the following correctly identifies muscle components in order from largest to smallest?
Fasciculus, muscle fiber, myofibril
In order to make ATP in muscles, creatine phosphate transfers _____ to ADP.
Phosphate
When the sodium channels open to let sodium ions into the neuron, other gated channels open to allow _____ to exit the neuron.
Potassium ions
Dystrophin connects the sarcomere to
The sarcolemma
Mitochondria produces what enzyme that is important in cell depolarization?
Acetyl CoA
On the post synaptic side, what neurotransmitter binds to a receptor to allow Na+ to pass through?
Acetylcholine (Ach)
ATP bound to myosin is split into
ADP and Pi
ATP is required for muscles to contract. Which of the following is false? - ATP is used to get the cross-bridges to bind to actin - ATP is used to get the cross-bridges to disconnect from actin - ATP is used to get the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner to expose binding sites.
ATP is used to get the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner to expose binding sites.
Once a gated channel is open, positive ions will enter through the channels to get inside the neuron. Which of the following can cause the gated channels to open? - Stimulus - An impulse - An action potential
An action potential
What is the technical term for "growth plate"?
Epiphyseal plate
What proteins make up the M-line?
C-proteins, creatine kinase, and myomesin
In endochondral ossification, osteoblasts form the
Cartilage template
After the mitochondria produces Acetyl CoA, it breaks into Acetate and CoA. What does the acetate bind with?
Choline
When the cross-bridges bind to actin, they will pivot in a manner that causes the actin filaments to slide. This action causes the actin filaments to slide ________.
Closer together
Bone is made from what three tissue types?
Cortical bone, cancellous bone, and bone marrow
Calcium allows myosin to bind to actin forming a
Cross-bridge
A somatocele cleaves the peraxial mesoderm into 2 parts. They are
Dermato myotome and scleratome
Where does choline come from?
Diet (egg yolks, meat, fish)
What type of ossification would the humerus go through?
Endochondral
Most bones of the skeleton are produced through
Endochondral ossification
What bone does NOT go through intramembranous ossification? - - Femur - Facial - Clavicle - Bones of top of head
Femur
Calcium must be at a (high/low) concentration to bind myosin to actin.
High
Which of the following gives bone its rigid structure? Hydroxyapatite, Calcium, Collagen, Phosphate
Hydroxyapatite
In muscle contraction, which band shortens?
I band
Once the gated channels are open and positive ions begin to enter the neuron, we have the start of a(n) ______.
Impulse
When Na+ is pumped into the post synaptic side, what ion is pumped out?
K+
What is found in Haversian canals?
Nerves and capillaries
We would expect to find smooth muscle in all of the following except: - Pulmonary circulatory tissue - Esophagus - Small intestine - Myocardial tissue
Myocardial tissue
Actin and myosin filaments form _____, or the long, contractile threads located in striated muscle cells.
Myofibrils
the anisotropin Band is made of
Myosin
What protein anchors Z-disc to actin?
Nebulin
Actin is a thin, contractile protein that is a component of the ____, or the functional unit of striated muscle?
Sarcomere
The space between two Z-discs constitutes the
Sarcomere
Calcium ions will cause the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner as to expose the actin binding sites. The calcium ions are released from the ________.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is non-striated muscle? Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal
Smooth
Where is red bone marrow found?
Spinal cord
What is the role of acetylcholine in calcium release?
Stimulates cellular contraction by opening voltage-gated ion channels
Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction and are reabsorbed upon muscle relaxation. Which of the following occurs if calcium ions are not completely reabsorbed?
The next muscle contraction will be greater than the previous.
In the neuromuscular pathway at a chemical synapse, what must first occur for the postsynaptic cell to receive a signal?
The presynaptic cell must first send the signal
What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
To prevent myosin from continuing to slide up the actin filament
Calcium binds to what protein in order to move tropomyosin?
Troponin
When muscle contracts upon stimulation, calcium ions bind to ______, which exposes the binding sites for the myosin cross-bridges to attach.
Troponin
T/F Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary.
True
On the pre-synaptic side, what kind of channel does Ca2+ travel through?
Voltage-gated channel
Yellow bone marrow produces
White blood cells
What are the lateral boundaries of the sarcomere?
Z-discs