Cultural Anthropology Chapter 7

Which of the following statements about dowry is true? Select one: A. Dowry and bridewealth are synonyms. B. Dowry exists in fewer cultures than bridewealth. C. Dowry refers to the gift given by the husband and his kin to the bride and her kin. D. Dowry is sometimes called progeny price. E. The dowry compensates the bride's kin for the loss of her companionship and labor.

B. Dowry exists in fewer cultures than bridewealth.

Which of the following statements about American families is false? Select one: A. The American emphasis on the nuclear family arises from our agricultural roots. B. Poorer families tend to have more expanded family households than middle-class families. C. Americans prefer neo-local postmarital residence because of the effects of industrialization. D. Attitudes toward kinship are different among the poor. E. Expanded family households are an adaptation to poverty.

A. The American emphasis on the nuclear family arises from our agricultural roots.

Which of the following statements about families is true? Select one: A. The nuclear family is impermanent. B. The nuclear family consists of parents, children, and grandparents. C. Your family of orientation is the family that forms when you marry and have children. D. Your family of procreation is the family into which you were born. E. The nuclear family is a cultural universal.

A. The nuclear family is impermanent.

All of the following are true of a descent group that is organized as a clan, except _____. Select one: A. members can recite the names of their forbears back to their apical ancestor B. members use stipulated descent C. members claim connection to an apical ancestor D. the apical ancestor is often a totem E. members typically practice a pre-industrial adaptive strategy

A. members can recite the names of their forbears back to their apical ancestor

Which of the following statements about berdaches is false? Select one: A. Berdaches are biological males who have assumed many of the gender roles assigned to women. B. Berdaches are used in the textbook as an example of one of the shortcomings of same-sex marriage. C. Berdaches fill the wifely role when they marry. D. Berdaches are sometimes married men. E. Several Native American groups have berdaches.

B. Berdaches are used in the textbook as an example of one of the shortcomings of same-sex marriage.

Which of the following statements about families in foraging societies is false? Select one: A. Foraging societies are like industrial societies in that people are not permanently tied to the land. B. The two basic social units among foragers are descent groups and bands. C. In foraging societies nuclear families are more permanent than bands. D. Foraging societies are like industrial societies in terms of their geographic mobility. E. Like industrial societies, foraging societies promote small, economically self-sufficient family units.

B. The two basic social units among foragers are descent groups and bands.

According to Edmund Leach, marriage can serve all of the following functions except _____. Select one: A. establish relationships with relatives B. guarantee the continuance of the family line C. establish legal parentage D. provide spouses rights over the other E. provide spouses rights over the other

B. guarantee the continuance of the family line

Whch of the following statements about divorce is false? A. Divorce is more common in matrilineal than in patrilineal societies. B. Concern about public opinion can prevent divorce even after the romance fades. C. As the value of the dowry increases, the likelihood of divorce increases. D. Divorce is more common in modern Western society than it was a century ago. E. Divorces tend to increase when women are more secure economically.

C. As the value of the dowry increases, the likelihood of divorce increases.

Under which post-marital residence rule do couples move to the wife's community? Select one: A. generational B. neolocal C. matrilocal D. unilocal E. patrilocal

C. matrilocal

Which of the following statements about bridewealth is false? Select one: A. Bridewealth exists in more cultures than dowry does. B. The bridewealth compensates the bride's kin for the loss of her companionship and labor. C. Bridewealth is sometimes called progeny price. D. Bridewealth is the exchange of gifts from the bride and her kin to the groom's kin. E. As the value of bridewealth increases, marriages become more stable.

D. Bridewealth is the exchange of gifts from the bride and her kin to the groom's kin.

Which of the following statements about incest is true? Select one: A. Sexual relationships with one's half-sister is universally defined as incest. B. Cultures define close relatives, and thus incest, in the same way. C. The incest taboo is found in some, but not all, cultures. D. Incest refers to sexual relationships with a close relative.

D. Incest refers to sexual relationships with a close relative.

What is levirate marriage? Select one: A. It refers to the royal same-sex incest once practiced by traditional Hawaiians to concentrate mana. B. All of these statements are true about levirate marriage. C. It refers to the custom by which all the brothers of one family marry all of the sisters of another family. D. It refers to the custom by which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband. E. It refers to the kind of plural marriage in which the woman's husbands are all brothers.

D. It refers to the custom by which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband.

Which of the following statements about descent groups is false? Select one: A. Matrilineal descent is a case of unilineal descent. B. In patrilineal descent children have lifetime membership in their father C. In patrilineal descent people trace their descent through their father. D. Members of descent groups frequently seek their mates within their descent group. E. In matrilineal descent people trace their descent through their mother.

D. Members of descent groups frequently seek their mates within their descent group.

Which of the following terms refers to the descent system in which people trace descent through their mother? Select one: A. patrilineal descent B. unilineal descent C. ambilineal descent D. matrilineal descent E. demonstrated descent

D. matrilineal descent

Which of the following statements about endogamy and exogamy is true? Select one: A. India's caste system is an extreme form of exogamy. B. Beliefs about ritual impurity serve to maintain Indian exogamy. C. Endogamy refers to marrying outside one's own group. D. Exogamy refers to marrying within one's own group. E. Exogamy serves to widen a group's social network.

E. Exogamy serves to widen a group's social network.

Which of the following is true of incest? Select one: A. Father-daughter incest occurs more frequently with biological fathers than step-fathers. B. The highest documented levels of human inbreeding were found among the ancient Greeks. C. The incest taboo is universal because there is a universally instinctive horror of incest. D. DNA proves that incest never occurs among primates. E. Father-daughter incest decreases when fathers actively parent their daughters.

E. Father-daughter incest decreases when fathers actively parent their daughters.

Which of the following changes in kinship patterns has occurred in the United States during the past several decades? Select one: A. With more women joining the workforce, the age of first marriage has decreased. B. The majority of American families are still traditional nuclear families. C. The number of single-parent families has decreased. D. The majority of American women live with a husband. E. Many immigrants are shocked by the weak kinship bonds in America. F. Americans' isolation from kin is unprecedented in human history.

E. Many immigrants are shocked by the weak kinship bonds in America.

Which of the following statements about polygyny is false? Select one: A. The custom of men marrying later in life than women promotes polygyny. B. Even in societies where polygyny is practiced, most men are monogamous. C. The number of wives is an indicator of a man's household productivity and social position. D. Widows often make up a large number of the women involved in plural marriages. E. Polygyny can play an important role in the economic standing of a household, but it has little to do with political functions.

E. Polygyny can play an important role in the economic standing of a household, but it has little to do with political functions.

Kin groups include all of the following except _____. Select one: A. extended families B. clans C. nuclear families D. lineages E. sodalities F. descent group

E. sodalities

Even though polygamy is illegal in Turkey, it is still practiced for all of the following reasons except ________________. Select one: a. polygamous wives are not really jealous b. it is a sign of power c. it is a sign of wealth d. the first wife could not provide a son e. it provides a social safety net for widows and orphans

a. polygamous wives are not really jealous