Cultural Implications

eastern tradition

Balance based, family is the basis of one's identity, family interdependence/group decisions is the norm, body/mind/spirit are considered one single entity, time is circular and recurring w/ a consistent belief in reincarnation, one is born into an unchangeable fate that is one's duty to comply, fluctuations in opposing forces is what causes disease

indigenous culture

Harmony based, culture of people who have inhabited a country for thousands of years, special significance on the place of humans in the natural world and manifest a more dramatic difference from western views, basis of one's identity is the tribe, may be no concept of person, person is an entity only in relation to others, may be no words to separate mind and body as separate entities, disease is frequently a lack of harmony of the individual w/ others or environment

western tradition

Science based, theories used by nurses in the US derived from this, person finds identity in individuality which is accompanied by the values of autonomy/independence and self-reliance, mind and body are 2 separate entities, bc they are separate they are treated by different practitioners, disease has a specific measurable cause and providers focus on treating the cause, time is linear always moving forward waiting for no one, success in life is preparing for the future

cultural skill

ability to perform a cultural assessment in a sensitive way, preserve any cultural practices that promote health and well being and accommodate for practices that are either harmful or not helpful,

cultural competence

ability to work effectively in cross cultural situations and provide the best possible service to prs from various racial/ethnic backgrounds who speak diff langs, nurses adjust their practices to meet their patient's needs, cultural sensitivity and awareness is essential

cultural knowledge

attend cultural events/programs, friendships, in service programs, study online resources, can help understanding behaviors that can be misinterpreted, help est rapport

culture norms

attitudes and behaviors considered normal within the groups, helps the members make sense of the world around them and make decisions.

race

can be defined biologically, anthropologically or genetically, can be physically distinguished or socially defined, gov lets the ppl self-define

enculturation

cultures worldview, beliefs, values, practices are transmitted to its members in this process

cultural illness

deviance from cultural expectations

refugees

escapes intolerable conditions and would prefer to stay in the culture/home if possible, do not perceive entry into new culture as an active choice and may experience stress of adjustment, often traumatized by war/genocide/torture/starvation/catastrophic events

ethnicity

have a common heritage and history, these groups share a world view especially in relationship to each other, they dev beliefs/values/practices from their world view that guides the group how they think/act

acculturation

learning the beliefs, values, practices of their new cultural setting, can take generations

immigrants

may not speak English, navigate new eco/political/legal/educational/transportation/healthcare sys, don't have valid certifications anymore only leaving menial jobs open, family roles may be upset, new cultural norms, during adjustment period often dev anxiety/depression, children assimilate at a rapid pace and may challenge the hierarchical family dynamics, some may feel lost btw 2 cultures

genetic variation in pharmacodynamics

most clinical trials participants are white, genetic variations impact antidepressants/antipsychotics

cultural encounters

multiple cultural encounters with diverse patients deter us from stereotyping, help reduce cultural pain

cultural awareness

nurse recognizes the impact culture makes on pts health values and practices, nurse has to exam their own assumptions and expectations but that there are more cultures to acknowledge-> culture of the pt, culture of the nurse and culture of the setting

process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services

nurses view themselves as becoming culturally competent instead of being competent, constantly be learners

somatization

psychological distress is experienced as a physical problem

cultural expression

refer to explanations for symptoms, illness, or distress understood within the context of particular culture

cultural and linguistic competence

set of congruent behaviors, attitude and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals to enable effective work in cross cultural situations

culture

share beliefs, values, practices that guide a group's members in patterned ways of thinking and acting. Includes religious, geographic, socioeconomic, occupational, ability related, sexual orientation related beliefs/behaviors

cultural idioms of distress

specific ways of expressing distress that people in particular cultures understand, a statement may refer to a variety of problems and not a specific disorder

minority status

subset of ppl who think of themselves and are thought of by others as a differentiated group, can be different from society by race/nationality/religion/language, typically socially or eco disadvantaged, lacking in power, usually discriminated against

world view

system for thinking about how the world works/how ppl should act, in relation to each other

cultural concepts of distress

take into account the way that groups experience, understand and communicate problematic behaviors, suffering, or troubling emotions and thoughts

stereotyping

tendency to believe that every member of a group is like all other members

mental health culture

the degree to which a person fulfills the expectations of the culture

cultural desire

the nurse is not acting out of a sense of duty but from a sincere and genuine concern for the patient' welfare, truly trying to understand the patients' viewpoint. Do this by showing patience/ consideration/empathy, show you are willing to learn, open, flexible

ethnocentrism

universal tendency of humans to think their way of thinking and behaving is the only correct and natural way, when a nurse cares for a pt believing their beliefs are the only way

cultural minorities

vulnerable to a variety of disadvantages including poverty/limited education/jobs/bias/ discrimination/racism, higher incidence of mental health problems in the US is related to poverty not race/ ethnicity, less likely to seek medical services

cultural syndromes

when clusters of symptoms occur in specific groups & are recognized by these groups as known pattern of experiences, usually given a distinct name, hard to understand for nurses but easily understood by the pts. These seem to be mental health probs manifested in somatic ways