Damage to Cranial Nerves

Trigeminal nerve V (both)

Inflammation of one of the divisions can cause trigeminal neuralgia

Abducens nerve VI (motor)

anything (such as a stroke) can cause nerve to be crushed against the sphenoid bone; causes the eye to deviate medially causing double vision (diplopia)

Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII (sensory)

compression of nerve can be caused by acoustic neuroma (tumor originating in schwann cells); results in loss of balance/equilibrium, nausea, vomiting, vomiting and dizziness (vertigo)

Oculomotor nerver III (motor)

compression of this nerve from intracranial pressure can result in pupil dilation (mydriasis)

Glossopharyngeal nerve IX (both)

damage results in difficult swallowing (dysphagia) and a loss of taste sensation (ageusia); damage interrupts sensory component

Vagus nerve X (both)

damage results in difficulty swallowing or hoarseness (dysphonia); damage interrupts the motor component of swallowing reflex

Olfactory nerve I (sensory)

fracture to cribriform or ethmoid plate can cause anosmia (inability to smell)

Facial nerve VII (both)

viral infection causes inflammation of facial nerve; can cause paralysis of muscles of facial expression on side of the face with affected nerve (Bell's palsy)

Hypoglossal nerve XII (motor)

when sticking out tongue, it moves in direction of damaged nerve

Optic nerve II (sensory)

intracranial tumor/stroke that damages the nerve can result in blindness on the affected side

Trochlear nerve IV (motor)

nerve damage can result in paralysis of superior oblique muscle, which can cause difficulty in turning eye inferior/lateral, and can result in double vision (diplopia)

Spinal accessory nerve XI (motor)

nerve damage results in paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and/or trapezius muscles; causes difficulty elevating scapula/rotating head