Definition of Photography

Four Most Common Film Formats

Different film formats require different loading procedures

Three Focusing Screen Sytems

For cameras that require manual focusing on of three sysems are used.

Cartridge film, sheet film, roll film, and canister film

Four most common film formats

Superimposed image

The camera is focued so that two images of the scene come together as one.

Second step of producing tone photograph

The film is then processed with chemicals. This causes the recorded image to become visible

Third step of producing tone photograph

The negative is placed on an enlarger that projects light through it into a light sensitive paper. This paper is processed to produce the enlarged photo

Active System

a beam of infrared light is bounced off the subject to establish a distance.

First step of producing tone photograph

a camera is used to expose continuous tone film to light

Split image spot

a small circle ijn the center shows a broken image unless the camera is in focus.

Microprism

a small circle in the center shows a dot pattern until focused properly.

Photograph

a type of continuous tone image because a variety of tones are present in the image.

Pour developer in the tank

about 15 seconds before development is complete, begin pouring the developer down the drain.

Next, pour stop bath in the tank

agitate (shake) as required, use a funnel to return the fixer to its container.

A viewing device

allows the photographer to see what the camera will record.

Reflective meters

are aimed at the subject to measure light reflected from the subject.

Automatic exposure units

automatically set the camera for the correct exposure.

An aperture

behind the lens, controls the size of the hole through which light passes.

Passive Sytem

camera evaluates incoming light then adjusts the focus distance.

shutter speed and f-stop

can be fixed or adjustable.

Hand-held exposure meter

can be reflecte or incidental.

processing

changes the latent film image into a visible and permanent image.

Three steps are required

chemical preparation, film loading, and actual prc essing

stock solutions

chemicals that are mixed at full strength

After making a series of exposures using a card as a mask,

choose the section of the print that is properly exposed.

f-stop (lens aperture)

controls the size of the hole where light enters the camera body.

Your Eyes

convey light waves to your brain as images.

working strength solution

developer stock solution is further diluted with water to make a working strength solution

Auto focus cameras

either have active or passive focusing systems.

Load the film into the camera body

first step in taking pictures

Set the enlarger timer

for the time indicated.

Built-in meter

found in many cameras. They can be manual, automatic, or a combination.

stop bath

halts (stops) the developing process

Printing

id done by projecting light through a film negative onto light-sensitive paper.

Contact print (proof sheet)

is a same-size positive image that is much easier to view than a negative.

Test Print

is made to determine proper exposure time.

A camera

is made up of a number of parts that work together to make correct exposures on film.

roll film

is placed on a developing reel for processing.

In low light conditions

is sometimes different to focus the camera.

shutter speed

is the length of time that film is exposed to light.

the distance scale

is used on the focusing ring to approximate focusing.

Light

makes objects visible to the human eye.

developer

makes the laent image on the paper visible

Incident meters

measures the light atthe subject location.

A film advancement system

moves the unexposed film in position for the next exposure

The shutter release

opens the shutter and allows light to strike the film

fixer

removes the unexposed emulsion and makes the image permanent

Producing tone photograph

requires several steps

1/60 of a second

should be the slowest shutter speed used for hand-held photography to prevent blurry images.

load and unload film in

subdued light to avoid fogging (accidentally exposing) the film.

Photography

the art or process of producing images on a light-sensitive surface, such as a film.

if loaded properly

the film should follow the reel's spiral grooves.

Because a negative is used

the image on the print will be a reversed, positive image.

The camera body

the light by which contains the film

shutter speed and f-stop

the main exposure control devices in a camera

A lens

the part of the camera that ensures that the image on the film is in focus.

developer, stop bath, and fixer

three main chemicals used in film processing

spiral wire reel and the ratchet reel

two common types of developing reels

Pour fixer in the tank agitate

use a funnel to return the fixer to its container.

time and temperature method

used for film processing.

Safelight

used when working with photo paper.

Film

which has a light sensitive emulsion, can be used to permanently record an image.