Dev psych ch 4
The maturation of the frontal regions of the cerebral cortex allows infants to
begin to regulate their emotions
Variations in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions is referred to as Multiple choice question.
Reactivity
What term describes an infant who sees the caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment?
Securely attached
Which of the following is essential for the development of a variety of emotions and emotional experiences?
Social relationships
One-year-old Bryan sees a man with a beard approaching him and his mother. Brian looks at his mother's face to get a cue as to whether or not he should be alarmed. His reliance on his mother to "show" him how to react is an example of _________ __________
Social, referincing
The family can be thought of as a constellation of ______ defined in terms of generation, gender, and role
Subsytsems
Jack and Jill are brother and sister fraternal twins. Based on research, if both babies are crying, their mother will most likely respond to _____ (Jack/Jill) simply because of the gender.
jill/girls
The family system includes the subsystems of generation, gender, and _________
role
Gaia is a happy and cheerful baby. Luis is cranky and cries a lot. The difference between the two babies is best described as a difference in
temperament
According to the epigenetic view, development is influenced by Multiple choice question.
the interchange between genes and the environment.
At what age do some infants begin to exhibit self-recognition, as assessed by the mirror technique
15-18 months
Which of the following are self-conscious emotions?
Pride and empathy
What is the close emotional bond between two people called?
attachment
The Strange Situation, which was an observational means to identify individual differences in infant attachment, was developed by
Ainsworth.
Which theorists developed a temperament classification system in which most children are considered to be easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up?
Chess and Thomas
Which of the following temperament classifications apply to Rothbart and Bates' model?
Effortful control
Infants communicate important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear through
Emotions
Which of the following statements best describes the influence of biology and environment on emotional development?
Emotions are influenced by both nature and nurture.
Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment?
Freud, Erikson, Bowlby
Which of the following is the best description of the Bringing Home Baby project?
It is a workshop for new parents that emphasizes strengthening the couples' relationship and becoming acquainted with the baby.
Which of the following statements about fear in infants is true?
It typically appears about 6 months of age and peaks at about 10 months.
A 2006 study of 1- and 2-year-olds that involved a cooperative task yielded which of the following results?
The actions of the 2-year-olds suggested cooperation, but the actions of the 1-year-olds suggested coincidence.
According to Rothbart and Bates, what does the dimension of self-regulation include?
Waiting longer to express anger Ability to distract oneself
Which of the following describes reciprocal socialization?
bidirectional
According to Erikson, shame and doubt arise when
caregivers are impatient and do for toddlers what they are capable of doing themselves.
The social system of the family has ______ and ______ effects on the members.
direct; indirect
Harlow's baby monkey study demonstrated that ______ is not the crucial element in the attachment process and that ______ is important.
feeding; contact comfort
Which of the following are important factors that shape one's temperament?
gender caregiver's culture
Between 18 and 24 months of age, children markedly increase their ______ play.
imitative and reciprocal
According to Bowlby, an infant's internal working model of attachment
influences the child's subsequent responses to other people.
Researchers have discovered that infants are
more socially sophisticated than previously thought.
Which of the following plays an essential role in an infant's development of trust according to Erikson?
physical comfort
Almost all classifications designate an emotion as either
positive or negative
An important aspect of an infant's ability to engage in the social world is the capacity to grasp social knowledge quickly in order to make an appropriate social response. This is influenced by which of the following factors?
processing speed motivation culture
Three-year-old Ryan tells his mother, "Me big!" This best exemplifies Ryan's emerging sense of which of the following?
self awareness
Being attentive and positive toward his or her image in a mirror is one way of an infant expressing
self recognition
According to Erikson, the developmental stage of trust versus mistrust occurs in the first ______ of life.
year