Deviant Behavior Exam 3

Why mostly intra-racial instead of inter-racial?

because racial segregation and discrimination discourages interaction between races

Hate crimes AKA ________ crimes

bias

Prior Relationship

can't let go

majority of mass murderers are _____________/________________

caught/killed

Most homicides result from _____________ contests

character -offender and victim try to to descend their honor/dignity after it was threatened

Men kill women over ___________ __________

control issues -infidelity -keep from talking -end relations (tried to keep in abusive relationship)

Stalker seeking a romanting relationship

could be previously known or unknown to the victim

To be a hate crime, the act must be ____________

criminal -not a mere expression of an intolerant opinion

Sociologists believe this is true because of "__________ ____ ______________"

cultures of violence -society encourages use of violence as mechanism to deal with interpersonal conflict

Violence by women is primarily _____________

defensive

Those who commit Assault/Aggravated Assault: -more low ________ the middle or upper __________ -more __________ than __________ -more committed on _______ race than ________ races -more ______ than _________ -more __________ cities than _________ towns -more ____________ than ____________ - more ___________ months than ___________ months -more ___________-_____________ than not

income, income black, white same, other males, females large, small weekend, weekdays hotter, cooler alcohol-related

Reasonable Person:

judge, jury, manager, etc. must determine -a reflection of society -What would society, in general, believe?

Homicide

killing of one human being by another human

More _______ cities than _________ towns

large small

Hate-motivated killers are more likely to belong to organized hate groups than other _________ serious hate defenders

less

Most common murder-suicide

male kills female, then kills himself

Domestic violence abusers are

more controlling and physically violent toward their victim are more likely to stalk them

Serial Killers are

more elusive -stalk victim -gain trust or gain access to victim's home -set trap for victim -kill usually with element of torture -most, in childhood, tortured cats or dogs

Young offenders are _______ responsible for hate crimes

most

General public often sympathizes with ___________ _________

murder victim -assume victim is weak and meek

Violence by men is primarily _____________

offensive

Rape

one of the oldest documented crimes 1900 BC Code of Hammurabi distinguished between married and unmarried women

Highest homicide rates are seen in ______________ countries

poorest

Most upper and middle class killings are ______________ and not a burst of _______

premeditated rage

Place of killings Men kill in ___________ ___________ Women kill at ________

public places home -used to be in kitchen, but now in bedroom

Men are more likely to be killed in ________ _______. Women are more likely to be killed at ________

public places home -women spend more time in the home

Contemporary Laws

rape is any sexual behavior that is unwanted and harmful to a person

Model Penal Code Section 213.1: rape and related offenses

"A male who has intercourse with a female that is not his wife is guilty if: he compels her, or has substantial impaired power to control her, or the female is unconscious, or if the female is less than 10 years old"

Physical Punishment

(slapping, hitting, etc) -leads to outward aggression toward others

Logical Punishment

(threatening withholding of love, lecturing to induce guilt, etc) -leads to internal aggression towards self

Various types of physical violence

- simple assault - aggravated assault - murder

Since then every state (and DC) has passed a similar law

-Federal gov't got on board as well -The US Federal Interstate Stalking (1996) prohibits the use of mail or electronics for stalking and harassment

External Restraint Theory

-Frustrated commit homicide -extremely frustrated commit suicide -both are acts of aggression fueled by frustration

can also explain "mercy killings" in Middle Eastern cultures

-aka "customary killings" -patriarchal societies -acts of vengeance committed by male family members against female family members who are held to have brought dishonor upon the family

How are Stalking and Sexual Harassment similar?

-both involve unwanted attention including behaviors that harass, threaten, and/or intimidate -both are rarely a single event; generally a number of behaviors over a period of time

Stalking and Harassment are similar because

-both involve unwanted attention including behaviors that harass, threaten, and/or intimidate victim -both are rarely a single event, generally a number of behaviors over a period of time

Cyberstalking offenders usually us the following items to track and monitor the lives of victims:

-cell phones -emails -Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Serial killers are more likely to target vulnerable strangers

-children -prostitutes -elderly

Victims of stalking advocated the need for increased:

-community awareness -enforcement -laws

Defensive Hate Killers

-feel they need to defend their "birth rite"

Punishments (history)

-fines -executions -exemption (marital rape)

second degree murder

-generally, murder not included in first degree murder -intent to kill murders that are not premeditated -mostly low income families

The major reasons people stalk their victims include:

-harm -romance -rejection

Strong link between poverty and homicide

-higher rates of marital stress, finance, and other stress-related problems -violence a means of gaining respect (fear)

Youth, especially, are cyberstalker through the use of:

-internet (Facebook, MySpace) -blogs -texting

Mass Murder

-killing a number of people almost the same time in the same place -usually ends with murderer dying at the scene -by self-inflicted wounds -at the hands of the police/law enforcement Types: disgruntled employees, heads of families, pseudo commandos, charismatic leaders

Serial Killings

-killing a number of people at different times in same general area -70-75% commit their crimes within the same city/area -don't generally roam from town to town like you see on TV

Rural homicides occur more than homicides in small cities/towns

-less community in rural areas because of population dispersion -people spend more time together with friends and acquaintances

Cyberstalking may include:

-making false accusations -monitoring victim movements -making threats -soliciting minors for sex -identity theft -gathering info for harassment

not generally cold-blooded killing

-more likely to be victims from someone you know -more likely to be a victim of a warm-blooded (emotional) killing

Serial Killers kill because of a desire for power and sadism

-most kill for the fun of it (not for love, money, etc.) -makes them feel good to kill -allows them to enjoy torturing victims -could be low, middle, or high income

More likely black than white

-most killing are intra-racial -black on black, white on white, etc.

Warm-blooded murder

-most victims know their killers ordinarily, killing requires a great deal of emotion -unless professional killed, generally more difficult to kill a stranger

FBI Hate Crime Stats

-over 9,000 people per year are a victim of a hate crimean the US -Slightly more than one half are intimidated -about half are assaulted -about 1% are murdered -largest property crime-vandalism

Upper class more likely than lower class to use:

-poison -vehicles -hire someone else to do the killing

Poverty is a factor

-poorer whites more likely than richer whites -poorer blacks than richer blacks

Court hearings of rape (history)

-public ridicule of women blamed (provoked by male) -women's sexual history on display (paint as trash)

Offenses committed against a person based on a person's (real or perceived):

-race -religion -ethnicity -sexual preference -disability

Mission Hate Killers

-rarest of the 3 -most dangerous of the 3 -target an entire group for elimination (Nazis, ISIS)

Victims engage in three general things to cope with stalking:

-self-reflection -therapy -lifestyle changes

Two types of assault

-simple assault -aggravated assault

Expanded definition to include:

-sodomy -forced oral copulation -use of an object -unwanted touching of a sexual nature

Stalking and Harassment are different because

-stalker can be known or unknown to the victim -harassment victim knows the offender

How are Stalking and Sexual Harassment different?

-stalker can be known or unknown to victim -sexual harassment victim knows offender

Rebecca Schaeffer - "My Sister Sam"

1989 Robert Bardo obsessed with character she played. Stalked her and shot her at her apartment entrance

In cases of stalking, official charges are filed only ____% of the time

21

Only ___-___% of murders and murder-suicides

3-4%

It is estimated that __.__ million people experience some form of stalking

3.4

__.__ million identified themselves as victims of stalking. 1 out of __ reported experiencing acts consistent with cyberstalking

3.4 1 out of 4

Roman Polanski Case

44 years old, raped and sexually assaulted a drugged 13 year old Plea bargain- prior to sentencing, fled, evasion, 32 years to Switzerland, arrested in 2009 in Switzerland but freed in 2010 Later awarded an Academy Award (2003) Best Director

Approximately ____% of the stalking victims experienced unwanted phone calls or messages once a week

46

Approximately ____% of stalking victims in the US experienced receiving unwanted phone calls or messages.

66

Stalking Victim Demographics

75%-female 25%-male Females are 13 times more likely to admit to fearing their stalker

About ____% of homicides are never solved

82

Stalking Offender Demographics

82.15% of offenders are males

Over ___% of murders by semi-skilled, unskilled, or on welfare

90

In responce to Rebecca Schaeffer's murder, _____________ was the first state to pass anti-stalking/harassment laws in _____

California 1990

External Restraint

the degree to which behavior is required to conform to demands/expectations of others

Sometimes the ___________ is actually first to ___________

victim attack

Rejected stalker

wants what they cannot have

Time Most likely over the ___________

weekends

Offenses become hate crimes because of

what motivated the criminal act

Murder-Suicide

when a human kills someone else and then themselves -usually a male-female combination

Males kill at ____________ age than females

younger

____________ than __________ more likely to target strangers

younger older

____________ more than ___________

South West -West more than Northeast and Midwest -Northeast or Midwest about the same

______________ & ____________ __________________ are different, but similar, crimes

Stalking Sexual Harassment

Wolfgang (1958)

Subculture of Violence Theory

Henry and Short

devised the external restraint theory

Fox at al (2005)

divided hate killers into 3 groups

Exception: more likely to kill strangers ___________ week

during

National Crime Victimization Survey definition of stalking

a course of conduct directed at a specific person that would cause a reasonable person to feel fear

Predatory Stalker

engage in having behaviors with intention to cause harm

Hate crime laws rest on the assumption that

enhanced penalties deter crimes

Gold (1958)

expanded the external restraint theory

"__________________ breeds ___________________"

familiarity contempt

Differences between... Male and _____________ young and ______ urban vs __________

female old rural

People tend to kill ___________ over _____________

acquaintances; friends

Simple Assault

an unlawful attack by one person upon another Ex: punching someone

Aggravated Assault

an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury

"________________" urbanites versus "_______________" ruralites

anonymous isolated

Upper and Middle class will kill ___________

anytime

majority of mass murderers

are indistinguishable from everybody else and very rarely mentally ill

Child Sexual Assault Statutory Rape Laws: Age of consent can be given (__-__)

16-18

Subculture of Violence Theory

-subculture that does not define personal assaults as wrong or antisocial -quick to resort to physical violence is socially approved or expected -violence has such a grip on poorer neighborhoods that poor people engage in a wider range of violent behaviors than non-poor -critics argue that no real evidence that people who engage in violence value it nay more or less than people who do not engage in such behavior -critics argue that the violence is an outcry based on poverty, inequality, social deprivation

first degree murder

-the key elements is premeditation- thinking about it in advance -more likely middle and high income

murder

-unlawful killing of one human being by another human

Top 3 reasons women don't report stalking

-useless to report -personal/private matter -cope on their own

Groups more likely to be killed

-very young -very old -minorities -married -unemployed

sociological

-viewed as a form of normality -after kills loved one, feels remorse, so, kills self

psychiatric

-viewed as a symptom of abnormality -anticipates reunion in another world so, kills loved one and then self

Serial Killer description

-white -male -most have not attended college -late 20s early 30s -commit first killing at about age 28

Thrill Hate Killers

-young, bored, idle -feel important and powerful after killing

In __ out of __ cases, the victim first attacked eventual slayer

1 out of 4 -known as victim-precipitated homicide

2 Views of Rape (history)

1. Property Crime 2. Violent Sexual Offense -punishment carried based on victim status

3 groups of hate killers

1. Thrill Hate Killers 2. Defensive Hate Killers 3. Mission Hate Killers

Supplemental Victimization Survey (7 ways/types)

1. making unwanted phone calls 2. sending unsolicited/unwanted correspondence (letters, emails, etc) 3. following or spying on the victim 4. showing up at places without a legitimate reason 5. waiting at places for the victim 6. leaving unwanted items, presents, flowers 7. posting information or spreading rumors about the victim in public areas

Aggravated Assault if:

1. weapon used, or 2. other means likely to produce death or serious injury -less serious than homicide, but far more prevalent than homicide

Age: Male (__-__) Female (__-__)

15-19 20-24

___________ is required to restore the _________ of a woman's family in one of the largest causes of "_________ ___________" is a woman ______________ ___________

Death honor Dowry Deaths wearing pants

Peaks again in ___________-holiday season

December -brings together relatives, friends, and acquaintances

Lowest is _____________&_____________

January and February

Killing peaks in _______________&_____________

July and August -brings together relatives, friends, family, and acquaintances

Gender _______ more than _______

Men; Women

Winning an Argument

Ordinarily quarrels, mostly over nothing, most common reason for low income people to kill -book states murder is a quick way for low income people to win an argument Goes a lot deeper than that -street honor -"code of the streets" dignity substantially diminished by life in general

two levels of socialization

Physical Punishment Logical Punishment

5 types of stalkers

Prior Relationship Stranger Relationship Predatory Stalker Stalker seeking a romantic relationship Rejected stalker

Which night is most likely for killings?

Saturday night

Methods of killing

guns -great equalizer -gives power to the powerless knives -5x's more likely to result in death than guns

Teenagers usually carry _______ for protection

guns -not generally as a status symbol or to impress

Both upper and middle class will use _________ and _________

guns; knives

The greater the social control, the more tendency toward ___________

homicide -frustration acting "out" instead of "in"

Time of killing Generally more __________ months than _________ months

hotter; cooler

Sexual Assault

identifies forms of sexual victimizations not included under the definition of rape

"Machismo"

in latino culture, the belief that men need to be concerned about their manhood -explain why more men than women engage in homicide

Where do most race-related hate crimes occur?

in the victim's home

Most statutes have ____ degrees of murder

two

More large cities than __________ areas

rural -less community integration in large cities because of population heterogeneity

Jessica's Law

sex offender community notification

Megan's Law

sex offender registration

Stalking and Harassment are different but ___________ crimes

similar

two vies of murder-suicide

sociological psychiatric

Women predominantly kill husbands because of ____________ _______________

spousal abuse

Stalker Relationship

stalker has delusions of one regarding victim

Cyberstalking

the use of the Internet or other electronic means to stalk or harass an individual, a group of individuals, or an organization