dhn 101 chapter 11-13

Aflatoxins are _______.

harmful compounds produced by certain mold

Human cells release most of the energy stored in carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids as _______.

heat

Last August, Damien experienced heavy sweating, painful leg cramps, and fatigue while exercising outdoors. Based on this information, he probably had _______.

heat cramps

Aerobic activities _______.

involve sustained, rhythmic contractions of certain large skeletal muscles

Progression

involves increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of an activity over time.

Carbohydrate loading _______.

involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event.

Caffeine _______.

is the most widely used ergogenic aid in the world

Breastfed infants are _______ than babies who are fed infant formula.

less likely to have ear infections

In the United States, _______ is responsible for most outbreaks of food-borne illness.

noravirus

Frequency

the number of times an activity is performed

Miranda is physically fit. She has _______.

the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living

Duration

the time spent in an exercise session

A _______ physical activity generally requires a high degree of exertion.

vigorous

A healthy infant who weighs 8.2 pounds at birth can be expected to weigh _______ pounds by his/her first birthday.

24.6

Which of the following statements is true?

Sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform.

The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the _______.

first trimester

Preeclampsia is a form of _______ that can develop during pregnancy.

hypertension

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with the normal aging process?

increased brain weight

The placenta cannot _______.

prevent all toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus.

Intensity

the level of exertion during an activity.

Bennett is a male college athlete who participates in endurance activities and weighs 77 kg. Approximately how many grams of carbohydrate per day should he consume to maintain adequate muscle glycogen?

462-770

Dietitians and pediatricians generally recommend that babies be breastfed exclusively for the first _______.

6 months of life

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On long-run days, which of the following snacks would be the most appropriate to consume after one hour of running and why?

A banana and pretzels because they provide carbohydrate, which helps prevent fatigue.

At an outdoor picnic, it is advisable to avoid all of the following foods EXCEPT the _______. cream puffs that are filled with an egg-containing mixture and stored in an open box tuna fish dip that has been sitting in the sun for over an hour cheesy casserole that has maintained an internal temperature of 130°F for 2 hours

chilled egg salad that is in a covered, metal bowl kept in a shallow container filled with ice

Irradiation of food is _______.

considered to be a safe process by the FDA

Which of the following workout regimens meets the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' recommended amount of moderate-intensity exercise for healthy adults under 65 years of age?

30 minutes per day, 5 days per week

Obese women who are pregnant with one fetus should gain _______ pounds during pregnancy.

11-20

Amy is studying quietly. Under these conditions, her muscles are using primarily _______ for energy.

Fat

The _______ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Hamburgers and other ground meats are high-risk foods. What makes these foods particularly susceptible to food-borne illness?

Grinding mixes pathogens from the surface of a meat throughout the meat product. Grinding increases surface area, exposing more of the protein-rich tissues to microbes in the air. Meat grinders are sources of pathogens that can be spread to the food if the grinder is not properly cleaned. Under-cooking hamburgers fails to kill potentially harmful pathogens that may be residing in the middle of the burger.

Which of the following factors is associated with increased risk of obesity during childhood?

Having a family history of obesity

Select all of the following conditions or dietary practices that are major nutrition-related concerns of American adolescents.

Obesity Eating disorders Osteomalacia Inadequate calcium intakes Excess fiber intakes

Which of the following statements is true?

Oxytocin is necessary for the "let-down" reflex to occur.

_______ is the commercial heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices.

Pastuerization

_______ are disease-causing microbes.

Pathogens

Which of the following foods is most likely to support the growth of pathogens?

Raw ground meat

Which of the following food preservation processes effectively destroys microbes?

Sterilization

What is the best way to store eggs to reduce the potential for food-borne illness?

Store eggs in their original carton in the refrigerator.

The National Institute of Medicine has made some recommendations for preventing and treating obesity among preschool-age children. Select all of the situations that support these recommendations.

Tanya breastfed her newborn exclusively until he was 3 months old. Residents of Middletown voted to fund the construction of a recreational center for children. Kevin limits his children's screen time (use of digital media) to less than 2 hours per day.

Kim is having guests over for dinner tomorrow. She would like to prepare a pork roast that is currently frozen. Which of the following are appropriate methods to thaw the frozen meat? Check all that apply.

Thaw the frozen meat in the refrigerator. Thaw the frozen meat under cold, running water. Thaw the frozen meat on the kitchen counter.

Of the energy systems available for use by exercising muscles, which one allows cells to produce the most ATP?

The oxygen energy system

Loraine purchases raw, unpasteurized milk for her children. Loraine's mother is concerned about the potential health hazards of drinking raw milk. Loraine insists that pasteurization degrades the nutritional quality of milk and raw milk is nutritionally superior to pasteurized milk. Which of the following statements concerning pasteurization is true?

The pasteurization process heats foods to kill pathogenic microorganisms.

Which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat?

Toast spread with strawberry jam

ATP can be produced as a by-product of the metabolism of glucose and several other substances. Which of the following substances are possible sources of ATP?

Triglycerides Amino acids B vitamins

Athletes sometimes complain of muscle fatigue. Which of the following conditions contributes to muscle fatigue?

Under anaerobic conditions, lactic acid conversion to lactate results in hydrogen ion accumulation in muscle tissue, causing muscle fatigue.

Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by _______.

abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting

During the first trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy requirement is _______ her daily energy needs before she became pregnant.

about the same as

When you travel to countries outside the United States, you can reduce your risk of "travelers' diarrhea" by _______.

avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed